P and A Campbell

Infobox Defunct Company
company_name = P and A Campbell
company_logo =
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fate =
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foundation = pre 1890
defunct = 1981
location = Bristol
industry = excursion-steamer operator
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products =
num_employees =
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P & A Campbell Ltd of Bristol with its White Funnel Fleet became the dominant excursion-steamer operator in the Bristol Channel by the 1890s; and along the South Coast of England in the first half of the twentieth century.

The White Funnel fleet

The White Funnel Fleet of the Bristol-based company of P & A Campbell Ltd had its origins as a purely excursion-steamer business trading in the Bristol Channel without any particular railway interests or involvement. The Campbell brothers saw how their rival Cardiff-based company Edwards, Robertson developed valuable links between its Yellow Funnel Fleet and the powerful Taff Vale Railway for through ticketing between South Wales valleys towns and resorts in Devon and Somerset, via Cardiff and Penarth. But by the late 1890s the White Funnel Fleet of P & A Campbell Ltd had taken over the vessels of its Cardiff-based competitors, and the supremacy of the Bristol ships was clear to see.

The Barry Railway fleet

The Barry Railway Company was very much a company created to serve a docks complex for the export of coal. Passenger train operations were secondary to the primary purpose of moving minerals traffic down from the valleys. The company had succeeded in gaining access to numerous valleys already served by other railways in order to tap the abundant minerals traffics of the South Wales coalfield for export through its large new Barry Docks.

Perhaps it was only natural that the Barry interests should seek to challenge those that were perceived as threatening. As Barry Docks complex had taken shape, it was a relatively straightforward matter to extend passenger railway operations from Barry across to Barry Island for leisure traffic, and then to push further by tunnelling through to what was to become Barry Pier station, immediately adjacent to the main entrance lock to Barry Docks.

Although the Barry Railway Company thought in terms of controlling its own steamship operations from the outset, it was realised that this would meet with opposition from Campbell's at Bristol with its large fleet, and so the Barry Company initially settled for an alliance where by the White Funnel Fleet of steamers served Barry Pier when it opened in 1899.

But it was to be an uneasy alliance, and so the point was soon reached where the Barry Company would feel obliged to go it alone. The struggle that followed was to be both litigious and complicated, as both companies fought from 1905 to 1910 to compete. In 1912, the Barry Railway Company sold its remaining three Red Funnel Paddle Steamer's to P & A Campbell. The service continued under Campbell's control very well until post World War, as the motor car over took the Paddle Steamer service. The service finally ended in the 1970s, after services at Barry Pier had dwindled and were finally given up, and the pontoon dismantled.

Brighton & the South Coast

In 1902 Campbells extended its operation by the purchase of the "Brighton, Wothing & South Coast Steamship Company"; two vessels were placed at Brighton from that season. From 1906 until WWI three ships were stationed each year to work the south coast resorts, including Eastbourne and Hastings; a return to those services continued from 1923 until WWII started in September 1939. Among the excursions were trips to cross-Channel ports. After the war services were resumed, but the period of paddle steamer cruising was ending by the 1950s and the final season in 1957 was undertaken by motor vessel [ [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tramways/PACampbell-Sussex.htm P and A Campbell Sussex Coast ] ]

End of operations

The growth of the popularity in the motor car lead to a significant decline in the excursion trade which, allied to increasing operation costs, led to the remaining fleet members being laid up or disposed of. After the 1959 summer season a receiver was appointed, and the company sold to George Nott Industries, part of the Townsend Ferries group. It was suggested that Townsend bought the business as a tax loss, but the business entered the 1960 season with two operational steamers (Cardiff Queen and Bristol Queen), and one laid up. After Bristol Queen was withdrawn in 1967, paddle steamer operations ceased on the Severn, but continued using second hand motor vessels until 1981

References

*Collard, C (2001) "White Funnels: The story of P&A Campbell Steamers, 1946-1968," Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2147-6
*Collard, C (2006) "P&A Campbell Steamers: The Victorian Era," Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-3863-8
*The Railway Year Book for 1912 (Railway Publishing Co Ltd)

External links

* [http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/category_id__1005_path__0p116p180p.aspx Notes on formation and regional development]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tramways/PACampbell.htm List of Campbell steamers and some historical notes]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/tramways/PACampbell-Sussex.htm Sussex Coast operations]