Francesco Feo

Francesco Feo (1691 - January 28, 1761), was an Italian composer of opera. He was born and died in Naples, where most of his operas were premièred.

Life

Feo studied music at the "Conservatorio di Santa Maria della Pietà" in Naples, starting on 3 September 1704. Among the other composers he met there were Leonardo Leo, Giuseppe de Majo (who would later marry his niece), and Niccolò Jommelli. His first teacher was Andrea Basso, and after 1705 Nicola Fago, who had only just been appointed. Feo remained at the conservatory until some time around 1712.

In 1713 he presented his first opera, "L’amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia" ("Tyrannical Love, or Zenobia"), and for carnival 1714 "Il martirio di Santa Caterina" (The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine of Egypt), an oratorio. his fame began to increase with sacred works for local churches, such as his "Missa defunctorum" (Requiem Mass) in 1718, and with his recitatives, arias and comic scenes for performances of operas by other composers when they were staged in Naples. In 1719 Feo wrote "La forza della virtù" ("The Power of Virtue"), and then his "opera seria" "Teuzzone" in 1720. Real fame only came with his opera seria "Siface, re di Numidia" ("Syphax, King of Numidia"), for the "Teatro San Bartolomeo" in 1723. The libretto was the first attempt at dramma per musica by the 25-year-old Pietro Metastasio, who had just arrived in Naples.

With his increasing popularity, Feo was appointed as a teacher in the "Conservatorio di Sant'Onofrio a Capuana", where he worked alongside Prota and took over from Grillo. In the next sixteen years he became known as one of the most important teachers in Naples. Among his students at Sant'Onofrio were Nicola Sabatino, Nicolò Jommelli, and Gennaro Manna. In 1739 he left Sant'Onofrio to teach at the "Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo", to replace Francesco Durante who had just retired. Francesco would stay there until 1743, helped by Alfonso Caggi and later Girolamo Abos. During his time there, he taught Giacomo Insanguine, popularly known as 'Monopoli.'

Feo wrote most of his oratorios between 1723 and 1743, along with a good portion of his cantatas and much other sacred music. His best-known oratorio was "San Francesco Salesio, Apostolo del Chablais" (Saint Francis de Sales, the Apostle of Chablais", 1734), which would be performed many times in the next twenty years or so throughout Italy. For Rome and Turin he wrote another six opere serie and several intermezzi. He composed the serenate "Oreste" and "Polinice" for Madrid in 1738, and for the Fathers of the Holy Cross in Prague he wrote the oratorio "La distruzione dell’esercito dei Cananei con la morte di Sisara" ("The Destruction of the Canaanite Army and the Death of Sisara", 1739). His last opera, "Arsace", was performed in Turin for the reopening of the Teatro Regio in 1740. His last oratorio, "Ruth", was performed at Rome in 1743.

In 1743, the Poveri di Gesù Cristo was abolished and converted into a seminary. Feo retired from teaching, but continued to compose sacred music for Neapolitan churches, including the Santissima Annunziata, where he become maestro di cappella in 1726. His last autograph composition is a "Quoniam tu solus sanctus" ("For Thou alone art holy"), 1760, for tenor and strings.

Operas

*"L'amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia" (1713)
*"Lucio Papirio" (1717)
*"La forza della virtù" (1719)
*"Teuzzone" (1720)
*"Siface, re di Numidia" (1723)
*"Morano e Rosina" (1723)
*"Don Chisciotte della Mancia" (1726)
*"Coriando lo speciale" (1726)
*"Ipermestra" (1728)
*"Arianna" (1728)
*"Tamese" (1729)
*"Il vedovo" (1729)
*"Andromaca" (1730)
*"L'Issipile" (1733)
*"Oreste" (1738)
*"Polinice" (1738)
*"Arsace" (1740)

ources

*"The Oxford Dictionary of Opera", by John Warrack and Ewan West (1992), 782 pages, ISBN 0-19-869164-5