Tom Zé

Infobox Musical artist
Name = Tom Zé


Img_capt = Tom Zé in São Paulo, Brazil in 2007
Img_size =
Landscape = yes
Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth_name = Antônio José Santana Martins
Alias =
Born = Birth date and age|1936|10|11
Irara, Bahia, Brazil
Died =
Origin = São Paulo, Brazil
Instrument =
Voice_type =
Genre =
Occupation = Multi-instrumentalist, composer, songwriter
Years_active = 1960s–present
Label = Trama Records, Luaka Bop
Associated_acts =
URL = http://www.tomze.com.br/

Tom Zé (born Antônio José Santana Martins, 11 October 1936 in Irará, Bahia, Brazil) is a songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer who was influential in the Tropicália movement of 1960s Brazil. After the peak of the Tropicália period, Zé went into relative obscurity: it was only in the 1990s, when the musician and label head David Byrne discovered an album recorded by Zé many years earlier, that he returned to performing and releasing new material.

Biography

Tom Zé grew up in the small town of Irará, Bahia in the northeastern Sertão. He would later claim that his hometown was "pre-Gutenbergian", as information was primarily transferred through oral communication. As a child, he was influenced by Brazilian musicians such as Luiz Gonzaga and Jackson do Pandeiro.cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:0pfexq85ldae~T1 |title=Biography |accessdate=2008-03-15 |last=Neder |first=Alvaro |work=Allmusic |publisher=All Media Guide ] Zé became interested in music by listening to the radio, and moved to Salvador to pursue a degree.cite web |url=http://www.allbrazilianmusic.com/en/Artists/Artists.asp?Status=ARTISTA&Nu_Artista=573 |title=Tom Zé |accessdate=2008-03-15 |year=2000 |work=AllBrazilianMusic |publisher=CliqueMusic Editora ] He later relocated to São Paulo and began his career in popular music there. Much of his early work involved his wry impressions of the massive metropolitan area, coming from a small town in the relatively poor northeast.

Influential in the Tropicália movement, Zé contributed, along with Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Os Mutantes, and Nara Leão, to the watershed Tropicália album/manifesto "" (1968). [cite web |url=http://www.allbrazilianmusic.com/en/Styles/Styles.asp?Status=MATERIA&Nu_Materia=931 |title=Tropicalism |accessdate=2008-03-15 |last=Calado |first=Carlos |work=AllBrazilianMusic |publisher=CliqueMusic Editora ] He also participated in a series of concerts with the musicians. After the Brazilian military government of the 1960s began to crack down of the musicians of Tropicália, Zé moved out of the public eye and began to experiment with novel instruments and composition styles. [cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/ent/music/feature/1999/05/26/tom_ze/index1.html |title=The politics of plagiarism |accessdate=2008-03-15 |last= Stark |first=Jeff |date=1999-05-26 |work=Salon.com ] While the other major figures of Tropicália would go on to great commercial and critical success in later decades, Zé slipped into obscurity in the 1970s and 1980s.

Remaining true to the experimental and Dada impulses of Tropicália, Zé has been noted for both his unorthodox approach to melody and instrumentation, employing various objects as instruments such as the typewriter. [cite web |url=http://www.ejn.it/mus/ze.htm |title=Tom Zé |accessdate=2008-03-15 |last=Bahaina |first=Anna Maria |year=1992 |month=September |work=Europe Jazz Network ] He has collaborated with many of the concrete poets of São Paulo, including Augusto de Campos, and employed concrete techniques in his lyrics. Musically, his work appropriates samba, Bossa Nova, Brazilian folk music, "forró", and American rock and roll, among others. He has been praised by avant-garde composers for his use of dissonance, polytonality, and unusual time signatures. Because of the experimental nature of many of his compositions, Zé has been compared with American musicians such as Frank Zappa and Captain Beefheart. [cite web |url=http://www.popmatters.com/music/interviews/ze-tom-060310.shtml |title=An Encounter with Tropicalia's Trickster: The Tom Zé Interview |accessdate=2008-03-15 |last=Kelly |first=Jennifer |date=2006-03-10 |work=PopMatters ]

In the early 1990s, Zé's work experienced a revival when American musician David Byrne discovered one of his albums, "Estudando o Samba" (1975), on a visit to Rio de Janeiro. Zé was the first artist signed to the Luaka Bop label and has so far released a compilation and two albums, all of which received positive reviews from United States critics.

Discography

*1968: "Grande Liquidação"
*1970: "Tom Zé (album)
*1972: "Se o Caso É Chorar"
*1973: "Todos os Olhos"
*1975: "Estudando o Samba"
*1978: "Correio da Estação do Brás"
*1984: "Nave Maria"
*1990: "" (Compilation)
*1992: ""
*1998: "Com Defeito de Fabricação"
*1999: "Postmodern Platos"
*1999: "20 Preferidas" (Compilation)
*2000: "Série Dois Mementos" (vols. 1, 2, and 15) (Compilation)
*2000: "Jogos de Armar"
*2003: "Imprensa Cantada"
*2005: "Estudando o Pagode"
*2006: "Danç-Êh-Sá"
*2008: "Danç-Êh-Sá Ao Vivo" (live)

References

Further reading

*it Mei, Giancarlo. "Canto Latino: Origine, Evoluzione e Protagonisti della Musica Popolare del Brasile." 2004. Stampa Alternativa-Nuovi Equilibri. Preface by Sergio Bardotti and postface by Milton Nascimento.
*cite journal |last=Rollefson |first=J. Griffith |year=2007 |month=July |title=Tom Ze's Fabrication Defect and the "Esthetics of Plagiarism": a postmodern/postcolonial "Cannibalist Manifesto" |journal=Popular Music and Society |doi=10.1080/03007760600834853 |volume=30 |pages=305 |date=June 2008

External links

* [http://www.tomze.com.br/ Official site] pt icon
*MySpace|tomzefrombrazil|Tom Zé
* [http://www.luakabop.com/tom_ze/pagode/index.html Tom Zé] on the Luaka Bop label website

Persondata
NAME=Zé, Tom
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Martins, Antônio José Santana
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Songwriter, composer
DATE OF BIRTH=October 11, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH=Irará, Bahia, Brazil
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=