Soyuz 26

Infobox Space mission
mission_name = Soyuz 26
sign = Taimyr
crew_members = 2
launch = December 10, 1977
01:18:40 UTC
Gagarin's Start
landing = January 16, 1978
11:24:58 UTC
265 km W of Tselinograd
duration = 37d/10:06:18
orbits = 1522
next = Soyuz 27
previous = Soyuz 25 |

Soyuz 26 was a Soviet human spaceflight launched December 10, 1977. It was the first mission to dock successfully with Salyut 6 and the start of what would be a semi-permanent occupation of space by the Russians. During the flight, the Russians would set several new records as well as for the first time have three spacecraft docked together. And for the first time the Soviets announced that Salyut 6 had two docking ports.On board were Georgi Grechko and Yuri Romanenko. Their callsign for the mission was "Taimyr" (Taimyr - Russian peninsula).

The timing of the flight itself was risky. It was the first opportunity after the failure of Soyuz 25. The crew would also have to stay in space over the winter, when there was the worst weather in the launch and landing site. The first flight to Salyut 6 could not dock so one of the first tasks of the Soyuz 26 crew was to perform an Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) to inspect the docking apparatus on the station to make sure that they were not faulty or damaged. The EVA was done on their ninth day in orbit. This was the first EVA by the Russians since 1969 and would be the first use of the Orlan space suits which are still used today on the International Space Station. The other objective of the EVA was to test the new suits.

First the crew entered into the airlock and put on the suits. They then depressurised the airlock and Greckho pulled himself half out of the airlock so that he could manipulate the docking mechanism with specially designed tools. He carried a colour television camera which sent back to Earth pictures of his work. He found that the docking port was in working order, which meant that it was the docking mechanism on Soyuz 25 that was faulty. In all the EVA lasted 1 hour and 28 minutes.

What was not announced by the Soviets at the time was that the EVA almost resulted in the first death in orbit. While in the airlock, Romanenko did not have his safety tether attached and began to float away from the station. Greckho grabbed him by the belt when he saw that he was not attached to the station. In an interview he said that he asked "Yuri, where are you going?" Greckho feels that the incident has been sensationalised by James Oberg in his book to sound more dangerous than it really was as although the safety tether was not attached there was still the electricity/communications umbilical that would have stopped him drifting too far.

This paved the way for the launch in the new year of Soyuz 27 carrying Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Oleg Makarov. When they docked on January 11, 1978 it was the first time that three spacecraft had been docked together. It was also the first admission that Salyut 6 had two docking ports. The crew spent five days at the station. They then undocked in the Soyuz 26 craft and landed without incident.

Crew

Number in parentheses indicates number of spaceflights by each individual prior to and including this mission.

Launched:
*Yuri Romanenko (1) - Commander
*Georgi Grechko (2) - Flight Engineer

Landed:
*Vladimir Dzhanibekov (1) - Commander
*Oleg Makarov (3) - Flight Engineer

Backup crew

*Vladimir Kovalyonok - Commander
*Aleksandr Ivanchenkov - Flight Engineer

Mission parameters

*Mass: 6800 kg
*Perigee: 193 km
*Apogee: 246 km
*Inclination: 51.65°
*Period: 88.67 minutes