St. Johns Bridge

Infobox Bridge
bridge_name=St. Johns Bridge


carries=U.S. Route 30 Bypass
crosses=Willamette River
locale=Portland, Oregon
maint=Oregon DOT
design=Suspension bridge
mainspan=1,207 ft (369 m)
length=2,067 ft (630 m)
below=205 ft (62 m)
open=June 13th, 1931
lat=45.58508
long=-122.76477

The St. Johns Bridge is a steel suspension bridge that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, USA, between the St. Johns neighborhood and the northwest industrial area around Linnton. It is the only suspension bridge in the Willamette Valley and one of three public highway suspension bridges in Oregon. [ cite web | publisher = Oregon Department of Transportation | title = St. Johns Bridge Rehabilitation Project | url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/StJohns/ | accessdate = 2006-11-05 ]

The bridge has two 408 ft (124 m) tall Gothic towers, a 1,207 ft (368 m) center span and a total length of 2,067 ft (630 m). [ cite web | publisher= Center for Columbia River History | title = St. Johns Bridge Dedication | url= http://www.ccrh.org/comm/slough/primary/stjbridge.htm | accessdate = 2006-11-05 ] The adjacent park and neighborhood of Cathedral Park, Portland, Oregon are named after the Gothic Cathedral-like appearance of the bridge towers. It is the tallest bridge in Portland, with 400 ft (122 m) tall towers and a 205 ft (62 m) navigational clearance. [ cite book | first = Dwight A.
last= Smith | coauthors = Norman, James B.; Dykman, Pieter T. | title = Historic Highway Bridges of Oregon | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | year = 1989 | pages = 113 | id = ISBN 0-87595-205-4 ]

By 2001, average traffic on the bridge was 23,800 vehicles/day.__NOTOC__

History

At the time of the proposal to build the bridge, the area was served by a ferry which carried 1000 vehicles a day. The proposal for a bridge was initially met with skepticism in Multnomah County, since St. Johns and Linnton were over five miles (8 km) from the heart of the city, and local business owners had minimal political clout. But after a lobbying effort that included a vaudeville-style show performed at grange halls and schools throughout the county, voters approved a $4.25 million bond for the bridge in the November 1928 elections. [ cite book | last = Abbot
first = Carl | title = Planing, Politics and Growth in a Twentieth-Century City | page = 99 | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | id = ISBN 0-8032-1008-6] Initially a cantilever bridge was proposed, but a suspension bridge was selected due to an estimated $640,000 savings in construction costs. [ cite web | title = Written and Historical Data | publisher = Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record | url = http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=or/or0300/or0307/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=2&itemLink=D?hh:1:./temp/~ammem_50rx::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbcards,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,aasm,scsm,denn,relpet,amss,aaeo,mffbib,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbib,molden,hawp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,cwband,flwpabib,wpapos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib,svybib,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,mfd,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib,fawbib,berl,fmuever,cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afcesnbib,hurstonbib,mreynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesnbib,fine,cwnyhs | accessdate = 2006-11-10]

The construction of the bridge began a month before the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and provided many county residents with employment during the Great Depression. [ cite book | last= Wood | first= Sharon | title = The Portland Bridge Book | publisher = Oregon Historical Society | year = 2001 | id = ISBN 0-87595-211-9 ] Because of its proximity to the Swan Island Municipal Airport, some government officials wanted the bridge painted yellow with black stripes. County officials waited until St. Patrick's Day 1931 to announce that it would be painted green. [ cite web
title = Stumptown Stumper | publisher = Portland Tribune | date = August 31. 2006 | url = http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=115706509932981500 | accessdate =2006-11-22 ]

Dedication of the bridge was put off for one month in order to make it the centerpiece of the 23rd annual Rose Festival. [ cite web | title = Written and Historical Data
publisher = Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record | url = http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=or/or0300/or0307/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=2&itemLink=D?hh:1:./temp/~ammem_50rx::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbcards,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,aasm,scsm,denn,relpet,amss,aaeo,mffbib,afc911bib,mjm,mnwp,rbcmillerbib,molden,hawp,omhbib,rbaapcbib,mal,ncpsbib,ncpm,lhbprbib,ftvbib,afcreed,aipn,cwband,flwpabib,wpapos,cmns,psbib,pin,coplandbib,svybib,mmorse,afcwwgbib,mymhiwebib,uncall,mfd,afcwip,mtaft,manz,llstbib,fawbib,berl,fmuever,cdn,upboverbib,mussm,cic,afcpearl,awh,awhbib,sgp,wright,lhbtnbib,afcesnbib,hurstonbib,mreynoldsbib,spaldingbib,sgproto,cola,tccc,curt,mharendt,lhbcbbib,eaa,haybib,mesnbib,fine,cwnyhs
accessdate = 2006-11-10 ] It was dedicated on June 13, 1931, and during the ceremony, the bridge engineer, David B. Steinman said: cquote | A challenge and an opportunity to create a structure of enduring beauty in the God-given wonderous background was offered us when were asked to design the bridge. It is the most beautiful bridge in the world we feel. [ cite web | publisher = St. Johns Historical Gazette
title = St. Johns: 1931 | url= http://www.aracnet.com/~histgaz/hgv1n3.htm | accessdate = 2006-11-05 ]

In summer 1949, 15-year-old high school student Thelma Taylor was abducted and held by her captor under the east side of the St. Johns bridge (which was undeveloped at the time, now the location of Cathedral Park), and was eventually murdered there. The crime shocked the city and her killer was apprehended and put to death.Fact|date=July 2008

The bridge was built within 21 months and one million dollars under budget. At the time of its completion, the bridge hadFact|date=July 2008
*the highest clearance in the nation,
*the longest prefabricated steel cable rope strands,
*the tallest steel frame piers of reinforced concrete,
*the first application of aviation clearance lights to the towers, and
*longest suspension span west of Detroit, Michigan.

It was not until the Marquam Bridge in 1966 that another non-movable bridge would be built in Portland.

By the 1970s, the bridge had been allowed to deteriorate, and cash-strapped Multnomah County asked the state to take over maintenance. Initially, the state declined, since it was also suffering from a lack of funds. But pressure from an association of county governments forced the state government to take it over on August 311975. A county official estimated the move saved them $10 million during the first ten years of state maintenance.

The east approaches and east span were repainted in 1994.

In 1999 the Oregon Department of Transportation announced a $27 million rehabilitation project that began in March 2003 and was completed in the fall of 2005. Included in the project was replacement of the deck, repainting of the towers, water-proofing the main cables, lighting upgrades, and improving access for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. By November 2004, renovation costs soared to $38 million, due mostly to the need to replace nearly half of the 210 vertical suspender cables. During the project, the bridge sidewalks were closed at all times. In addition, the entire bridge was closed at night and continuously for a month. The newly refurbished bridge was rededicated on September 17, 2006. [ cite web | title = St. Johns Community Celebrates Rehabilitated Historic Bridge | date = September 7, 2005
publisher = Oregon Department of Transportation | url = http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/REGION1/news/StJohnscelebration.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-11-22|format=PDF ]

Gallery

ee also

* List of crossings of the Willamette River

References

External links

* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhphoto&action=browse&fileName=or/or0300/or0307/photos/browse.db&recNum=0&itemLink=&title2=St.+John's+Bridge,+Spans+Willamette+River+at+US+Highway+30,+Portland,+Multnomah+County,+OR&displayType=1 Historic American Engineering Record gallery] Includes pictures and detail drawings of notable engineering features.
*

Crossings navbox
structure = Crossings
place = Willamette River
bridge = St. Johns Bridge
bridge signs =
upstream = Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 5.1
upstream signs = "BNSF Railway"
downstream = Columbia River
downstream signs =