Yi Su-gwang

Yi Su-gwang (1563 - 1628) was a Korean scholar and a military officer who lived during the Joseon Dynasty.

Early life

He was born to a wealthy, aristocratic family in 1563, and was offered the finest education his parents could afford. In 1585, he passed the civil service exam and became a military officer.

Military career

In the wake of Seven-Year War, he was stationed in Jogyeong, Gyeongsang province, where he was given command of a small army contingent. He encountered a Japanese expeditionary contingent in Yongin, Gyeonggi province and lost. His superiors restationed him in Eiju, Hamgyong province, where he encountered several more Japanese forces. However, he was able to emerge victorious and was promoted.

Career as an emissary

After the war, he worked temporarily as an emissary to the Ming Dynasty. In Ming China, he acquired several books written on Catholicism by an Italian priest, Matteo Ricci, who was living in China at this time. He brought them back to Korea, which was the first time Western literature had been brought into Korea. He took great interest in Catholicism and the Western world. From the information he obtained from the trips, he wrote a 20-volume encyclopedia, with the title "Jibong yuseol". "Jibong yuseol" contained not only information on Catholicism and China, but also on Japan, Vietnam, and Thailand. It also contained basic information on the Western world, including the geography and weather of England, western food, and western weapons. He also wrote about the knowledge of astronomy that he had acquired from an Italian priest staying in China at the time. He visited China several times, and even met Thai (known then to Koreans as "Seomra" people) emissaries in China. Taking a great interest in the Thais, he closely recorded the customs of the Thai people. He also had contact with emissaries from Vietnam and the Okinawan Islands.

Government official

When he came back to Korea, he became a high-ranking government official, the "Ijo Panseo" (Hangul: 이조판서).

In his later works - "Jibong jib" (Hangul: 지봉집) and "Chaesin Jablock" (Hangul: 채신잡록)- he placed less emphasis on Confucianism and emphasized adopting western knowledge to strengthen the nation. His work also dealt with the subject of moderate political and economic reforms to improve the living standards of the peasants, which had deteriorated following the Seven-Year War, and the bureaucracy. He also implemented welfare policies, believing that the "Way of Heaven" was found among the people and the most noble endeavour was to feed and clothe the poor. His idea of a welfare state was inspired by both Confucianism and Catholicism. These books were stored in Changsu Seowon (Hangul: 창수서원) in Suwon.

He died in 1628. He was given the posthumous title (and office) "Yeong Eu-Jeong" (Hangul:영의정).

External links

* [http://mtcha.com.ne.kr/koreaman/sosun/man108-isugoang.htm 이수광] (In Korean)
* [http://www.nammyung.org/month/culture_2005_04/pdf/05-4-2.PDF Yi Su-gwang and his era] (In Korean)
* [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=126743 Naver on Yi Su-gwang] (In Korean)
* [http://korea.assembly.go.kr/history_html/history_07/jos_L_08.jsp Yi-Su Gwang]