Samburu

Infobox Ethnic group
group=Samburu


image_caption=Samburu people making fire
poptime=
popplace=north central Kenya
rels=African traditional religion
langs=Samburu language
related=Maasai:"Samburu may also refer to Samburu National Reserve or Samburu District"The Samburu are an ethnic group in north central Kenya that are related to but distinct from the Maasai. The Samburu are semi-nomadic pastoralists who herd mainly cattle but also keep sheep, goats and camels. The name they use for themselves is Lokop or Loikop, a term which may have a variety of meanings which Samburu themselves do not agree on. Many assert that it refers to them as "owners of the land" ("lo" refers to ownership, "nkop" is land) though others present a very different interpretation of the term. The Samburu speak the Samburu language. There is also a game park in the area, Samburu National Reserve.

Location

They live north of the equator in Samburu District, an area roughly 8000 square miles (21,000 km²). Its landscape is one of great diversity and beauty. Before and a few years after independence the area north of the equator was called the Northern Frontier District (NFD). Samburu district was once a large part of the NFD. Only government officials were allowed to enter and it was closed to foreigners of both European and African descent. A special permit issued by the administration was required to enter the NFD. Even today Samburuland is still a remote area.

Ethnic Classification

The Samburu are part of the Maa speaking people as are the Maasai.About 95% of the words of both languages are the same. The name 'Samburu' is also of Maasai origin and is derived from the word 'Samburr' which is a leather bag used by the Samburu to carry a variety of things. It is unclear when Samburu became a distinct ethnic identity. As is common many places around the world, ethnic identities became fixed and defined at the point of colonial contact. 19th century European travellers often referred to Samburu as "Burkineji" (people of the white goats), and there are many interconnections with other neighboring ethnic groups. Some Samburu are descended from remnants of the Laikipiak Maasai, a Maasai section which was destroyed in the late 19th century. Others are from Rendille, Turkana and Borana ethnicity.

Samburu practice polygynous marriage, and a man may have multiple wives. A Samburu settlement is known as a nkang or manyatta. It may consist of only one family, composed of a man and his wife/wives. Each woman has her own house, which she builds out of local materials, such as sticks, mud and cow dung. Large ritual settlements, known as lorora may consist of 20 or more families. However, settlements tend towards housing two or three families, with perhaps 5-6 houses built in a rough circle with an open space in the centre. The circle of huts is surrounded by thorn bush fence.

One of the groups in the third was named "Samburu" in honor of the real Samburu, the other being "Boran," after Borana.

External links

* [http://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/samburu.htm Samburu People]
* [http://goafrica.about.com//library/bl.samburu.htm The Samburu]
* [http://www.africanholocaust.net/peopleofafrica.htm#s People of Africa]
* [http://www.thesamburuproject.org The Samburu Project]
* [http://www.calao-africa.org Samburu Tribe]

References

* Nigel Pavitt, "Samburu", ISBN 1-85626-429-7