- Glasite
The Glasites were a
Christian sect founded in about1730 inScotland byJohn Glas . It was spread by his son-in-law Robert Sandeman intoEngland and America, where they were called Sandemanians, but is now practically extinct.Glas dissented from the
Westminster Confession only in his views as to the spiritual nature of the church and the functions of the civilmagistrate . But Sandeman added a distinctive doctrine as to the nature offaith which is thus stated on his tombstone: :"That the bare death of Jesus Christ without a thought or deed on the part of man, is sufficient to present the chief of sinners spotless before God."In a series of letters to
James Hervey , the author of "Theron and Aspasio", Sandeman maintained that justifyingfaith is a simple assent to the divine testimony concerningJesus , differing in no way in its character frombelief in any ordinarytestimony .Beliefs and practice
In their practice the Glasite churches aimed at a strict conformity with the primitive type of Christianity as understood by them. Each congregation had a
plurality of elders ,pastor s, orbishop s, who were chosen according to what were believed to be the instructions of Paul, without regard to previous education or present occupation, and who enjoy a perfect equality in office. To have been married a second time disqualified forordination , or for continued tenure of the office of bishop.In all the action of the church unanimity was considered to be necessary; if any member differed in opinion from the rest, he must either surrender his judgment to that of the church, or be shut out from its communion. To join in prayer with any one not a member of the denomination was regarded as unlawful, and even to eat or drink with one who had been
excommunicate d was held to be wrong. TheLord's Supper was observed weekly; and between forenoon and afternoon service every Sunday alove feast was held at which every member was required to be present. This took the form not of symbolic morsels of wine and bread, as in other communions, but a (relatively) substantial meal, a custom leading to the Glasites' nickname of the 'Kail [ie. cabbage] Kirk'. This custom may have arisen, in part, as a charitable response to the poverty of most members of this Church. The gift of speech was allowed to speak. The practice of washing one anothers' feet was at one time observed; and it was for a long time customary for each brother and sister to receive new members, on admission, with aholy kiss .Things strangled and blood were rigorously abstained from; the lotFact|date=February 2007 was regarded as
sacred Fact|date=February 2007; the accumulation of wealth they held to beunscriptural and improper, and each member considered his property as liable to be called upon at any time to meet the wants of the poor and the necessities of the church.Churches
Glasite churches were founded in
Paisley Glasgow ,Edinburgh ,Leith , Perth,Dundee ,Arbroath , Montrose,Aberdeen ,Dunkeld ,Cupar ,Galashiels . Buildings built as Glasite chapels survive inDundee ,Edinburgh and Perth (two), and possibly elsewhere.Sandeman moved to
London in1760 with a congregation atGlovers' Hall ,Barbican . This meeting house moved to Barnsbury Grove in north London in 1862.Michael Faraday was a Deacon in this London church in the 1830s and an Elder 1840-1844 and again 1860-1864. There is a plaque in the building indicating his seat of prayer. The building is now a telephone exchange and that end of Barnsbury Grove renamed Faraday Close.Sandeman established fewer than a dozen churches in England including
Liverpool before he went to America in1764 .John Howe served as an elder of the Sandemanian church in Halifax,Nova Scotia .Their exclusiveness in practice, neglect of education for the ministry, and the antinomian tendency of their doctrine contributed to their dissolution. Many Glasites joined the general body of Scottish
Congregationalists , and the sect may now be considered extinct.The last of the Sandemanian churches in America ceased to exist in
1890 . The London meeting house finally closed in 1984. The last Elder of the Church died in Edinburgh in 1999.Critics of Sandemanianism
A prominent critic of Sandemanian beliefs was the Baptist
Andrew Fuller (1754-1815) who published "Strictures on Sandemanianism" (1810) in which he made two telling points. First, if faith concerns the mind only, then there could be no way to distinguish genuine Christians from nominal Christians. Second, knowing Christ is more than mental knowledge of facts about him; it involves a desire for fellowship with him and a delight in his presence.Bibliography
*Cantor, Geoffrey: Michael Faraday, Scientist and Sandemanian, Macmillian, 1991
*Smith, John Howard: "The Perfect Rule of the Christian Religion": A History of Sandemanianism in the Eighteenth Century, SUNY Press, 2009References
James Ross, "History of Congregational Independency in Scotland" (Glasgow, 1900).
See also
*
William Godwin
*Michael Faraday
*James Baynes
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