Straja Ţării

Straja Ţării (Romanian - roughly, "The Sentinel of the Motherland"; also known as Străjeria - translatable as "The Sentinel") was a paramilitary youth organization in the Kingdom of Romania, created in 1935 by King Carol II to counter the growing influence the Iron Guard had over the youth of Romania. Its members were known as "străjeri" ("sentinels"), and used a form of the Roman salute as greeting.

Character

The monarch modelled it on the Nazi Germany's Hitler Youth, and took inspiration from other fascist groups such as the Italian Balilla. This shape became more obvious on December 3, 1938, when "Straja Ţării" was re-organized along the lines of Carol's personal dictatorship ("see National Renaissance Front"), replacing all existing youth movements, including Scouting, and became overseer of sports and all other activities, as well as one of the main agents of Carol's own personality cult. Although the King was often referred to "Marele Străjer" ("The Great Sentinel"), the actual leaders of the group were General Teofil Sidorovici and Nisa Cămărăşescu.

All boys aged 7 to 18 and all girls between 7 and 21 were supposed to join. A body comprising 18 to 21-year old boys completed "Straja", and it was responsible for offering low-level military education and training.

Members were bound by a "Crez" ("Credo"), which read:

"Credinţă şi muncă pentru Ţară şi Rege
1. Cred în Dumnezeu şi în Biserica străbunilor mei;
2. Cred în Regele Ţării, Marele nostru Străjer, Cârmuitorul destinelor Poporului Român;
3. Cred în muncă şi jertfă — închinându-mi întreaga mea fiinţă pentru ridicarea şi propăşirea Patriei;
4. Cred în Straja Ţării — chezăşia Unităţii Neamului, Hotarelor şi Sufletului Românesc." [Sidorovici, Georgescu (introductory section)]

("Faith and labour for Country and King. 1. I believe in God and the Church of my ancestors; 2. I believe in the King of the Country, our Great Sentinel, the Leader of the Romanian People's destinies; 3. I believe in labour and sacrifice — dedicating my entire being to the advancement and prosperity of the Motherland; 4. I believe in "Straja Ţării" — the guarantee of the People's Unity, of the Boundaries and of the Romanian Soul.")

End

In the summer of 1940, following the cession of Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia to the Soviet Union ("see Soviet occupation of Bessarabia"), it was employed in an offering help to the many refugees in various parts of Romania. The Romanian Radio engaged in a propaganda campaign, praising "Straja Ţării" as "Armata Albă a Regelui" ("the King's White Army"), while hiding the fact that theirs had been the only form of aid for the displaced.

Later that year, when the National Legionary State government replaced Carol's regime, after the crisis provoked by the Second Vienna Award (the cession of Northern Transylvania to Hungary), the organization was disbanded and all its assets were taken over by the Iron Guard – which replaced official education with its own version of Fascism.

Notes

References

*Teofil Gh. Sidorovici, Căpitan Marin I. Georgescu, "Sub poală de codru verde. Manualul taberelor străjereşti" ("Under the green forest's cover. A manual of "Străjer" camps"), I. E. Toroutoiu, Bucovina-Bucureşti (undated)
*fr icon [http://www.cegesoma.be/pls/opac/opac.search?lan=N&seop=2&sele=51&sepa=1&doty=&sest=&chna=&senu=65914&rqdb=1&dbnu=1 Gallery of "străjeri" parade photos]
*ro icon [http://www.presamil.ro/SMM/2004/06-07/p%2022.htm Study of official radio propaganda aimed at "Straja Ţării"]
*ro icon [http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_5002/mussolini_de_dambovita.html Cristina Diac, "Mussolini de Dâmboviţa" ("A Mussolini on the Dâmboviţa")] , in "Jurnalul Naţional", August 29, 2005