- George Nicoll Barnes
George Nicoll Barnes CH PC (
January 2 ,1859 –April 21 ,1940 ) was a Scottishpolitician and a leader of the Labour Party.Barnes was born in
Lochee ,Dundee , the second of five sons of James Barnes, a skilled engineer and mill manager fromYorkshire , and his wife, Catherine Adam Langlands. The family moved back to England and settled atPonders End inMiddlesex , where his father managed ajute mill in which George himself began working at the age of eleven, after attending a church school atEnfield Highway . He then spent two years as an engineering apprentice, first at Powis James ofLambeth then at Parker's foundry,Dundee . After finishing his apprenticeship he worked for two years at the Vickers shipyard in Barrow before returning once again to theLondon area, where he experienced unemployment during the slump of 1879. He had a number of short-term jobs before settling for eight years at Lucas and Airds inFulham . In 1882 he married Jessie, daughter of Thomas Langlands, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.During his time in London Barnes became an active member of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (serving as its General Secretary), a committed member of the co-operative movement, and a keen if moderate socialist, which led him to join the
Independent Labour Party on its foundation in 1893. At the 1895 general election he stood unsuccessfully for theIndependent Labour Party in Rochdale. He was elected as MP for Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown at the 1906 general election for the Labour Party. He sat for that constituency until it was abolished for the 1918 general election, and thereafter sat for Glasgow Gorbals until he stood down at the 1922 election.He was leader of the Labour Party from
February 14 ,1910 toFebruary 6 ,1911 . He was Minister of Pensions (1916-1917) andMinister without Portfolio (1917-1920) underDavid Lloyd George . In 1918 the Labour Party decided to leave theLloyd George Coalition but Barnes refused to resign. As a result he was expelled from the Labour Party and founded the National Democratic Party. After resigning as a minister early in 1920 he played no further significant role inBritish politics . In March 1920 he was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour for his ministerial services. He quit politics when the Labour Party announced that it would again field a candidate against him in the general election of 1922. As it was clear that the tide would turn strongly towards the official Labour candidates throughout Glasgow, and as he had no wish to serve in any other party, he decided to withdraw from his seat.Barnes had a long and active retirement, continuing to support the
International Labour Organization , serving as chairman of the Co-operative Printing Society, and publishing several books, including his autobiography, "From Workshop to War Cabinet" (1923), and a "History of the International Labour Office" (1926). He was a pleasant-looking, mild-mannered man, but little is known about his private life; one of his sons was killed during the First World War. He died in 1940 at his London home, and was buried in Fulham Cemetery.References
* " [http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/30602 Barnes, George Nicoll] " in the "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
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