- John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl
John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl, in the Stewart line (d.
April 25 ,1579 ), son ofJohn Stewart, 3rd Earl of Atholl , and wife Grizel Rattray, daughter of Sir John Rattray (SeeClan Rattray ), succeeded his father in 1542.He supported the government of the queen dowager, and in 1560 was one of the three nobles who voted in Parliament against the Reformation and the confession of faith, and declared their adherence to
Roman Catholicism . Subsequently, however, he joined the league against Huntly, whom with Murray and Morton he defeated at Corrichie in October 1562, and he supported the projected marriage of Elizabeth with Arran.On the arrival of Mary from
France in 1561 he was appointed one of the twelve privy councillors, and on account of his religion obtained a greater share the queen's favour than either Murray or Maitland. He was one of the principal supporters of the marriage withDarnley , became the leader of the Roman Catholic nobles, and with Knox obtained the chief power in the government, successfully protecting Mary and Darnley from Murray's attempts to regain his ascendancy by force of arms. According to Knox he openly attended mass in the queen's chapel, and was especially trusted by Mary in her project of reinstating Roman Catholicism. The fortress of Tantallon was placed in his keeping, and in 1565 he was made lieutenant of the north ofScotland . He was described the same year by the French ambassador as “très grand catholique hardi et vaillant et remuant, comme l'on dict, mais de nul".After the murder of
David Rizzio , in 1567, he joined theProtestant lords against Mary, appeared as one of the leaders against her atCarberry Hill , and afterwards approved of her lavish imprisonment atLoch Leven Castle . In July he was present at the coronation of James, and was included in the council of regency to Mary'sabdication . He, however, was not present atLangside in May 1568, and in July became once more a supporter of Mary, voting for her divorce from Bothwell (1569). In March 1570 he formed with other lords the joint letter to Elizabeth asking for the queen's intercession and supporting Mary's claims, and was present at the convention held atLinlithgow in April in opposition to the assembly of the king's party atEdinburgh .In 1574 he was proceeded against as a Roman Catholic and threatened with
excommunication , subsequently holding a conference with the ministers and being allowed till midsummer to overcome hisscruples . He had failed in 1572 to prevent Morton's appointment to the regency, but in 1578 he succeeded with theearl of Argyll in driving him from office. OnMarch 24 , James took the government into his own hands and dissolved the regency, and Atholl and Argyll, to the exclusion of Morton, were made members of the council, while on the 29th Atholl was appointed lord chancellor. Subsequently, onMay 24 , Morton succeeded in getting intoStirling Castle and in attaining his guardianship of James. Atholl and Argyll, who were now corresponding withSpain in hopes of assistance from that quarter, then advanced to Stirling with a large force, when a compromise was arranged, the three earls being all included in the government.While on his way from a banquet held on
April 20 ,1579 on the occasion of the reconciliation, Atholl was seized with sudden illness, and died on the 25th, not without strong suspicions of poison. He was buried atSt Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh. He married (1) Elizabeth, daughter ofGeorge Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly , by whom he had two daughters, and (2) Margaret, daughter of Norwegian nobleman and admiral Admiral Kristofer Throndsen. With Margaret, James had three daughters, he had a son, the 5th earl of Atholl, at whose death in 1595 the earldom in default of male heirs reverted to the crown.References
*1911
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