- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the
de jure leader of theRussian SFSR between1938 and1991 . He was elected by theCongress of Soviets of RSFSR .Predecessor offices
The office was created as a replacement for the office of
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets .Political Significance
Since the Russian SFSR enjoyed only limited autonomy within the
Soviet Union until late into theperestroika period and since real executive power was in the hands of theSoviet Communist Party until1990 , the Supreme Soviet and the Chairman's office were mostlyceremonial . However, they became important in early 1990 when a newly elected Russian Supreme Soviet was split betweenCommunist loyalist s and their opponents. After days of parliamentary maneuvering,Boris Yeltsin was elected Chairman in May 1990. Soon thereafter, he resigned from the Communist Party and started building an independent power base within the Russian SFSR, which proved to be an important step on the way to theSoviet collapse in late 1991.Officeholders
*
Aleksey Badeyev (1938 -1944 )
*Nikolay Shvernik (1944 -1946 )
*Ivan Vlasov (1946 -1950 )
*Mikhail Tarasov (1950 -1959 )
*Nikolay Ignatov (1959 )
*Nikolay Organov (1959 -1962 )
*Nikolay Ignatov (1962 -1966 )
*Mikhail Yasnov (1966 -1985 )
*Vladimir Orlov (1985 -1988 )
*Vitaly Vorotnikov (1988 -1990 )
*Boris Yeltsin (May 29 ,1990 -July 10 ,1991 )Note: In early 1991, the post ofPresident of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President. The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet Chairman were limited to those of a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin won the first presidential election in June 1991 and, upon inauguration, resigned from the office of the Supreme Soviet Chairman. He was succeeded by:
*Ruslan Khasbulatov (October 29 ,1991 -October 4 ,1993 ), acting Chairman fromJuly 10 ,1991 uccessor offices
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on
December 25 ,1991 , the Russian Supreme Soviet became the acting parliament of theRussian Federation with Khasbulatov as Chairman. It was dissolved during theRussian constitutional crisis of 1993 .
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