Foča

Infobox Settlement
settlement_type =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name =Bosnia and Herzegovina
subdivision_type1 =
subdivision_name1 =
subdivision_type2 =
subdivision_name2 =
timezone=CET
utc_offset=+1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
unit_pref=
map_caption =Location of Foča within Bosnia and Herzegovina
latNS=N
longEW=E
population_as_of= 1991
native_name = Фоча
official_name = Foča
other_name =
image_shield = Foča.jpg

---

area_total_km2 = 1180|population_blank1 = ?|population_blank1_title=Municipality
population_total = 40,513
|parts_type=Settlements
parts =
latd =44|latm=30
longd=18|longm=47
area_code = 58
website = [http://www.opstinafoca.rs.ba/ www.opstinafoca.rs.ba]
footnotes =
|leader_title=Mayor
leader_name = Zdravko Krsmanović (SPRS) [http://www.izbori.ba/documents/Rezultati%20izbora%202004/Utvrdjeni/2004NacelniciRS.pdf]
leader_party =
|

Foča (Cyrillic: Фоча), is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Foča Region region of the Republika Srpska entity.

History

Early history

The town was known as Hvoča (Хвоча) during medieval times. It was then known as a trading centre on route between Ragusa (now Dubrovnik) and Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey).

During the Second World War local Serbs faced genocidal atrocities by Croat Ustase and Bosnian Muslim forces. In return Chetnik Serbs systematically raped Muslim women and slit the throats of over 10,000 men at Foča. [ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_04.shtml BBC Partisans: War in the Balkans 1941 - 1945] ] All in all during WWII Chetniks under command of Zaharija Ostojić will kill some 8,000 people were killed in a number of massacres. [Noel Malcolm: Bosnia - a short history] The municipality is also the site of the legendary Battle of Sutjeska between the Tito's Yugoslav Partisans and the German army. A monument to the Partisans killed in the battle was erected in the village of Tjentište.

Bosnian War and after

In 1992, the city came under the control of Serbian paramilitaries. All of the Bosniaks were expelled form the area. 2,704 people from Foča are missing or were killed during the war,¹ the majority of whom are Bosniaks. Foča was also the site of a rape camp in Partizan hall which was set up by the Serb authorities in which hundreds of Bosniak women were raped. [ [http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/rape/rape.html Rape as a Crime Against Humanity] ]

Once the Serb forces cleared Eastern Bosnia of much of its Bosniak civilian population, the towns and villages were securely in their hands. All of the Serb forces (ie. the military, police, paramilitaries and sometimes, villagers too) applied the same pattern: houses and apartments of the expelled population were systematically ransacked or burnt down; remaining members of the Bosniak civilian population were rounded up or captured, and sometimes beaten or killed in the process.

Men and women were separated, with many of the men detained in the camps. The women were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably unhygienic conditions, and where they were mistreated in many ways including being raped repeatedly. Serb soldiers or policemen would come to these detention centres, select one or more women, take them out and rape them. [ [http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2007/PR1142e.htm Dragan Zelenović pleads guilty] ] (Years later at the ICTY, the former Bosnian Serb leader and Republika Srpska president Biljana Plavšić confirmed under a plea bargain the occurrence of these mass rapes in Foča during the war. [ [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,357856,00.html Fighting Over History] , "TIME Magazine", October 03, 2002] ). During judgement of Serb soldier Novislav Djajic Bavarian Appeals Chamber found that found that acts of genocide were committed in June 1992 within the administrative district of Foča. [ [http://www.worldlii.org/int/cases/ICTY/2001/8.html Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic - Trial Chamber I - Judgment - IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001)] , The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, paragraph 589. citing Bavarian Appeals Court, "Novislav Djajic" case, 23 May 1997, 3 St 20/96, section VI, p. 24 of the English translation.]

On 22 April 1992, the Serb Army blew up the Aladža Mosque.Fact|date=March 2008 Eight more mosques, from the 16th and 17th centuries, were also damaged or fully destroyed.

In 1995 the Dayton Agreement created a territorial corridor linking the once-besieged Bosnian city of Gorazde to the Muslim-Croat Federation; as consequence, the northern part of Foča was separated to create the city of Foča-Ustikolina.

The city was renamed Srbinje (Serbian: Србиње), literally "place of the Serbs" (from Srbi Serbs and -nje which is a Slavic locative suffix). In 2004, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared the name change unconstitutional, and reverted it to Foča, until the National Assembly of Republika Srpska passes an appropriate law.

Population

1971

48,741 total
* Bosniaks - 25,766 (52,86%)
* Serbs - 21,458 (44,02%)
* Croats - 218 (0,44%)
* Yugoslavs - 102 (0,20%)
* Others - 1,197 (2,48%)

1991

According to the 1991 census Foča municipality had a total population of 40,513. The ethnic distribution was:
*Bosniaks 20,898 (51.58%)
*Serbs 18,339 (45.27%) (See: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
*Yugoslavs 448 (1.11%)
*Croats 104 (0.26%) (See: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
*others 73

The town of Foča itself had a total population of 16,628, including:
*Serbs 8,713 (52.39%)
*Bosniaks 7,029 (42.27%)
*others 886 (5.34%)

Current

No census has been taken since 1991, but data gathered from municipal sources places the current population at around 24,000, nearly all of whom are Serbs.

Features

Foča is the capital of the municipality of Foča and of the Foča Region.

It houses some faculties (including the Medical and Orthodox Theological Faculty of Saint Basil of Ostrog.) from the Srpsko Sarajevo University. It is also home to one of seven seminaries in the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Seminary of Saint Peter of Sarajevo and Dabar-Bosna. There was also of until 1992 the home of one of Bosnia's most important Islamic high schools, the Madrassa of Mehmed-paša.

The third largest Serbian Orthodox Church church building in the Balkans is due to be built in Foča.Fact|date=January 2008

Sutjeska which is the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the municipality.

Gallery

Sister cities

* Kragujevac, Serbia

ee also

*Foča massacres

References

External links

* [http://www.opstinafoca.rs.ba/ Official site]
* [http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/foca/foca.html Foča]
*http://www.mf-foca.com
*http://www.stomf-foca.org