Boneyard Creek

Boneyard Creek is a small waterway that drains much of the cities of Champaign and Urbana, Illinois. It is a tributary of Saline Branch of the Salt Fork Vermilion River, which is a tributary of the south-flowing Vermilion River and the Wabash River. The creek flows through the northern sections of the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The newsletter of the university's ACM chapter is "Banks of the Boneyard", named after the creek.

In pre-settlement times, the Boneyard, like most of the rest of Champaign County, Illinois was probably a series of connected wetlands without a clearly defined channel. With settlement, the drainage was "improved". Today the Boneyard is a highly channelized stream, running in a slit trench, with steel sheet pilings along much of its length.

There are several stories about the origin of the name "Boneyard". One story is that the local Indians hung their dead over the stream, allowing the bones to fall into the creek, so that the creek was full of human bones when the first American settlers arrived. This could be an example of excarnation, which many Native American peoples indeed practiced. One problem with this story is that one would expect to find human bones in excavations along the streams. There are, however, no confirmed findings of such bones. In University of Illinois lore, the name "Boneyard" comes from the remains of poor students who couldn't hack it in the school's tough engineering curriculum.

Prior to the environmental movement in the late 1960s the Boneyard was an open sewer, with floating solids and a foul stench. During the 1970s many sources of pollution were removed, and water quality gradually improved.

The Urbana-Champaign Sanitary District sewage outfall is located on the Saline Branch, just downstream from where the Boneyard enters that stream. Late in the 1970s, sewage chlorination, required by environmental regulations, was identified as a major negative factor for aquatic life. Although disinfection theoretically reduced the chances of hypothetical bathers contracting disease downstream of a sewage outfall, chlorination also killed most aquatic life for miles downstream. Late in the 1980s, the Sanitary District was allowed to discontinue chlorination. Fish soon returned to the Boneyard, after the chlorine block was removed from the Saline Branch. The fish, however, live a tenuous life on the Boneyard, which has frequently seen major fish kills as a result of spills and other accidents in the urbanized area.

One branch of the Boneyard extends into South Neil Street, where it meets the headwaters of the Embarras and Kaskaskia Rivers. During the 1920s, the Illinois Central Railroad tracks were elevated in this area, to allow traffic to pass under the tracks. The rail embankment cut off the South Neil branch of the Boneyard, creating "Lake Neil" after a moderate rain event. This flooding would subside over several hours as the water flowed under the rail embankment through tiles.

During the 1980s, "Lake Neil" was eliminated by placing larger tiles under the rail embankment. This, however, had the effect of creating flooding on the other side of the tracks, near Fourth and Green, where the branches of the Boneyard joined. In wet years, flooding caused damage estimated to be as much as $1000 per year.

During the late 1990s, the City of Champaign resolved to eliminate the flooding near Fourth Street and Green Street. After considerable debate, the City built an enormous detention basin upstream of Fourth and Green Streets, at a cost of approximately $22 million. The basin is designed to fill when the Boneyard approaches flood stage, preventing flooding at Fourth and Green Streets up to a 100-year flood.

ee also

*List of Illinois rivers

External links

* [http://www.boneyardcreek.org/ Boneyard Creek Dot Org]
* [http://www.prairierivers.org/ Prairie Rivers Network]
* [http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?site_no=03337000 USGS Real Time Stream Gage]