Flamingant

The Dutch and French word flamingant refers to all activists of the Flemish movement and was initially used as a pejorative term by belgicists to indicate nationalist Flemings. It is probably derived from "Flamins", the Walloon word for Flemings. The word can be equally used as an adjective or substantive. The word wallingant is used to describe Walloon nationalists.

The flamingant movement was originally initiated by the priests in Flanders under the French occupation of 1792. The secular republic invaded the Austrian Netherlands three years later, retaining them until 1815. This was very badly received in the Catholic provinces. Not only threatening the clergy, it also ruined economic sectors in competition with those of metropolitan France. Thus all the Walloon vineyards were ruined and the textile sector in Flanders went into decay. The French language was imposed throughout the administration, which had been the language of the leisured classes under feudalism.

With the fall of the French Empire in 1815, the movement became dormant. In 1830, the north Belgians alongside those of the south overthrew Dutch rule, uniting behind their common Roman Catholic religion. The choice of the French language for the young Belgian nation seemed natural, as French-speaking citizens formed the majority of the revolutionaries.

The word "flamingant" remains a loaded term. For example, see the song Les Flamingants by Jacques Brel criticizing the "flamingants".