- Sakai clan
Family name
name = Sakai
imagesize= 180px
caption= Site of the Sakai clan's residence inEdo
pronunciation = Sakai
region = Japanese
origin = Japanese
related names =Tokugawa ,Matsudaira
footnotes = The nihongo|Sakai clan|酒井氏|Sakai-shi was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of theMinamoto clan , who were in turn descendants ofEmperor Seiwa . Serata (Nitta) Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai clan and theMatsudaira clan , which the Sakai later served. In theSengoku period , underTokugawa Ieyasu (who was the head of what was formerly the main Matsudaira family line), the Sakai became chief retainers. In theEdo period , because of their longstanding service to the Tokugawa clan, the Sakai were classified as a "fudai " family, in contrast with the "tozama " ("outsider clans").Clan branches and histories
The "fudai"Alpert, Georges. (1888). [http://books.google.com/books?id=CSUNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancien+japon+georges+appert&lr=#PPA76,M1 "Ancien Japon," pp. 76] -77.] Sakai clan originated in 14th century
Mikawa Province . [see above] ] They claim descent fromMinamoto no Arichika . Arichika had two sons; one of them, Yasuchika, took the name of Matsudaira, while the other son, Chikauji, took the name of Sakai. Chikauji is the ancestor of the Sakai clan.Sakai Hirochika , Chikauji's son, had two sons as well, and the descendants of these two sons gave rise to the two principal branches of the clan.Papinot, Jacques. (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf "Nobiliare du Japon" -- Sakai, pp. 50] -51; Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). "Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon." (in French/German).] The senior branch was founded bySakai Tadatsugu (1527 –1596 ). Tadatsugu, a vassal ofTokugawa Ieyasu , was charged with the defense ofYoshida Castle in Mikawa Province. In 1578,Sakai Ietsugu (1564 –1619 ) succeeded to his father's role as defender of Yoshida Castle. The "Ie-" in the beginning of "Ie"tsugu's name was a special honor bestowed by Tokugawa Ieyasu, who intended to emphasize bonds of loyalty with those who were allowed to share in any part of his name. [Plutschow, Herbert. (1995). [http://books.google.com/books?id=fNQjDQ-mWYgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sakai+tadayuki&lr=&source=gbs_summary_r#PPA53,M1 "Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context," p.53.] ] When Ieyasu's holdings were transferred to the Kantō region in 1590, Ietsugu was installed atUsui Domain (30,000 "koku ") in Kōzuke Province, but, in 1604, he was moved toTakasaki Domain (50,000 "koku"). In 1616, he was again moved toTakata Domain (100,000 "koku"), this time inEchigo Province . In 1619, he was moved toMatsushiro Domain inShinano Province ; and then, from 1622 to 1868, he was installed at Tsurugaoka Domain (120,000 "koku") inDewa Province . [Papinot, [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf p. 50;] Appert, [http://books.google.com/books?id=CSUNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancien+japon+georges+appert&lr=#PPA76,M1 p. 76.] ] The Sakai of Tsuruoka (which later grew to 170,000 "koku") in Dewa Province were prominent in the late Edo period as a military power. Charged with the safety ofEdo , they were patrons of theShinchogumi police force, and were very effective in their duties. Following the surrender of Edo, the Sakai withdrew and returned north to their domain, where they were active in the northern theater of theBoshin War , as well as becoming signatories to the pact that created theŌuetsu Reppan Dōmei in 1868. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Count" in the Meiji period.Papinot, [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf p. 50.] ]A cadet branch was created in 1647.Appert, [http://books.google.com/books?id=CSUNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancien+japon+georges+appert&lr=#PPA76,M1 p. 76.] ] These Sakai were installed from 1647 through 1868 at
Matsumine Domain (20,000 "koku") inDewa Province ; the castle at Matsumine was constructed in 1779. The head of this clan line was enobled as a "Vicount" in the Meiji period. [see above] ]Another cadet branch was founded by
Sakai Masachika (+1576). Vassal of the Tokugawa --Tokugawa Nobutada ,Tokugawa Kiyoyasu andTokugawa Hirotada . In 1561, he was installed atNishio Castle in Mikawa Province, and the security of the castle was confided in him. [see above] ] In 1590,Sakai Shigetada , the son of Masachika, received theKawagoe Domain (15,000 "koku") inMusashi Province ; then in 1601, he was installed atUmayabashi Domain (35,000 "koku") in Kōzuke Province.Papinot, [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf p. 51.] ]In 1749, the descendants of
Sakai Tadakiyo (1626–1681) were transferred toHimeji Domain (150,000 "koku") inHarima Province ; and they remained daimyō at Himeji until theMeiji period . [see above] ] This cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1590. [see above] ] The head of this clan line was first ennobled as a "Count" and in the Meiji period. [see above] ]Yet another cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1668,Appert, [http://books.google.com/books?id=CSUNAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ancien+japon+georges+appert&lr=#PPA77,M1 p. 77.] ] These Sakai were installed from 1668 through 1868 at
Katsuyama Domain (12,000 "koku") inAwa Province . The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period. [see above] ]A further cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1681, [see above] ] These Sakai were installed in 1681 through 1868 at
Isezaki Domain (20,000 "koku") in Kōzuke Province. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period. [see above] ]Sakai Tadatoshi (1562–1627) received the fief ofTanaka Domain (10,000 "koku") inSuruga Province in 1601; then his holding was transferred in 1609 toKawagoe Domain (30,000 "koku") in Musashi province. [see above] ]Sakai Tadakatsu (1587–1662) was installed in 1634 through 1868 atObama Domain (103,500 "koku") inWakasa Province . [see above] ] This cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1590. [see above] ] The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Count" in the Meiji period. [see above] ]Finally, another cadet branch of the Sakai had been created in 1682. [see above] ] These Sakai were installed in 1682 through 1868 at
Tsuruga Domain (10,000 "koku") in Echizen Province. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period. [see above] ]Family heads
hōnai
*
Sakai Tadatsugu (1527 –1596 )
*Sakai Ietsugu
*Sakai Tadakatsu (1594 –1647 )
*Sakai Tadamasa
*Sakai Tadayoshi
*Sakai Tadazane
*Sakai Tadayori
*Sakai Tadaatsu
*Sakai Tadaari
*Sakai Tadakata
*Sakai Tadaaki
*Sakai Tadatomo
*Sakai Tadazumi
*Sakai TadamichiDewa-Matsuyama
*Sakai Tadatsune
*Sakai Tadayasu
*Sakai Tadayoshi
*Sakai Tadataka
*Sakai Tadanori
*Sakai Tadamichi
*Sakai Tadayoshi
*Sakai TadamasaTsuruga
*Sakai Tadashige
*Sakai Tadagiku
*Sakai Tadatake
*Sakai Tadaka
*Sakai Tadanobu
*Sakai Tadae
*Sakai Tadamasu
*Sakai TadatsuneObama
*
Sakai Tadakatsu (1587-1662)
*Sakai Tadanao (1630-1682)
*Sakai Tadataka (1651-1686)
*Sakai Tadasono (1671-1706)
*Sakai Tadashige (1691-1735)
*Sakai Tadaakira (1720-1740)
*Sakai Tadamochi (1725 –1775 )Meyer, Eva-Maria. [http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/geschichte-japans/manabu/shoshidai.htm "Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit."] Universität Tübingen (in German).]
*Sakai Tadayoshi (1813 –1873 )
*Sakai Tadatsura (1752-1806)
*Sakai Tadayuki (1770-1828)
*Sakai Tadayori (1791-1853)
*Sakai Tadaaki (1813 –1873 ; formerly Tadayoshi)Beasley, William G. (1955). "Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868," p. 339.]
*Sakai Tadauji (1835-1876)
*Sakai Tadatoshi (1813-1873)Himeji
Maebashi domain
The successive leaders at Maebashi were:
*Sakai Tadayoshi (1549-1617)
*Sakai Tadayo (1572-1636)
*Sakai Tadayuki (1599-1636)
*Sakai Tadakiyo (1626 –1681 )
*Sakai Tadataka (Maebashi) (1648-1720)
*Sakai Tadami (1667-1708)
*Sakai Chikayoshi (1694-1733)
*Sakai Chikamoto (1705-1731)Himeji domain
The succesive leaders at Himeji were:
*Sakai Tadazumi (Himeji) (1710-1772)
*Sakai Tadazane (1756-1790)
*Sakai Tadahiro (1777-1837)
*Sakai Tadamitsu (1779-1848)
*Sakai Tadanori (1809-1844)
*Sakai Tadatomi (1829-1853)
*Sakai Tadateru (1836-1860)
*Sakai Tadashige (1827-1895)
*Sakai Tadatō (1839-1907)
*Sakai Tadakuni (1854-1879)Notable members
:dynamic list
*Sakai Chikauji
*Sakai Hirochika
*Sakai Tadatsugu (1527 –1596 )
*Sakai Ietsugu (1564 –1619 )
*Sakai Masachika
*Sakai Shigetada
*Sakai Tadakiyo (1626 –1681 )
*Sakai Tadatoshi (1562 –1627 )
*Sakai Tadakatsu (1587 –1662 ) [Plutschow, [http://books.google.com/books?id=fNQjDQ-mWYgC&pg=PA53&vq=Sakai&dq=sakai+tadayuki&lr=&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1&sig=pYQuJhs_W-cbDUU7bx3XkoD3d3M1 p. 53.] -- Hidetada gave him the "Tada-" in his name.]
*Sakai Tadakatsu (Shōnai) (1594 –1647 )
*Sakai Tadamasa (Shōnai)
*Sakai Tadamochi (1725 –1775 ), 21st Kyoto "shoshidai"Meyer, Eva-Maria. [http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/geschichte-japans/manabu/shoshidai.htm "Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit."] Universität Tübingen (in German).]
*Sakai Tadayuki (1770 –1828 ), 37th Kyoto "shoshidai" [see above] ]
*Sakai Tadazumi ,Himeiji Castle
*Sakai Tadashige , "Rōjū " (1863 –1864 ), "Tairō " (1865 –1866 ).
*Sakai Tadasuke (also known asSakai Tadamasu ), "Wakadoshiyori " (1853 –1862 ,1863 ,1864 –1866 )
*Sakai Tadaaki (1813 –1873 , also known asSakai Tadayoshi 49th Kyoto "shoshidai" [see above] ]
*Sakai Tadakatsu (Meiji era) ,Count ,House of Peers (1925) [http://www.unterstein.net/or/docs/JapanPeers.pdf "Nobility, Peerage and Ranks in Ancient and Meiji-Japan," p. 13.] ]
*Sakai Tadamasa (Meiji era) , Count, House of Peers (1925) [see above] ]
*Sakai Tadasuke ,Viscount , House of Peers (1925) [http://www.unterstein.net/or/docs/JapanPeers.pdf Japan peers, p. 14.] ]Notes
References
English
* Beasley, William G. (1955). "Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868." London:Oxford University Press . [reprinted byRoutledgeCurzon , London, 2001. 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
* Plutschow, Herbert. (1995). [http://books.google.com/books?id=fNQjDQ-mWYgC&dq=sakai+tadayuki&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Japan's Name Culture: The Significance of Names in a Religious, Political and Social Context."] London:Routledge . 10-ISBN 1-873-41003-4; 13-ISBN 978-1-873-41042-4 (cloth)French
* Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). [http://books.google.com/books?id=HYc_AAAAMAAJ&dq=ancien+japon&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Ancien Japon."] Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha.
* Papinot, Jacques Edmund Joseph. (1906) "Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon." Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
[http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf Click here for 1906 "Nobiliaire du japon" (2003)] German
* Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). [http://books.google.com/books?id=6wEvo4wBojcC&dq=Makino+Chikashige&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867."] Münster: Tagenbuch. ISBN 3-8258-3939-7Japanese
* [http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/sakai.html "Sakai-shi" on Harimaya.com] .*"This article has been compiled using corresponding material from the Japanese wikipedia".
External links
* [http://www.nikko-jp.org/english/toshogu/gojyunotou.html Nikko Five Storied Pagoda] . Nikko Tourist Association.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.