1819

Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1819

*January 2 - The Panic of 1819 (the first major financial crisis in the United States) begins.
*January 17 - Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Gran Colombia.
*January 25 - Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.
*January 29 - Sir Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.
*February 6 - A formal treaty between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles establishes a trading settlement in Singapore.
*February 15 - The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise).
*February 22 - Spain cedes Florida to the United States (see Adams-Onís Treaty).
*March 1 - The U.S. naval vessel "USS Columbus" is launched in Washington, DC.
*March 6 - "McCulloch v. Maryland": The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
*March 20 - Burlington Arcade opens in London.
*May 22 - The "SS Savannah" leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.
*August 6 - Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
*August 7 - Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia.
*August 16 - Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of protesters in Manchester, UK, resulting in 11 deaths and over 400 injuries.
*September 20 - The Carlsbad Decree is issued throughout the German Confederation.
*December 14 - Alabama is admitted as the 22nd U.S. state.

Undated

* The present-day law firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore is founded.
* The 'Ai Noa Movement takes power in Hawaii.
*Serfdom is abolished in Livonia.
* The city of Fernandina of Jagua (later Cienfuegos City) is founded in Cuba.

Births

January - June

*January 6 - Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter (d. 1886)
*February 8 - John Ruskin, English writer, artist, and social critic (d. 1900)
*February 11 - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (d. 1890)
*February 14 - Joshua A. Norton, self-proclaimed "Emperor of these United States" (d. 1880)
*February 20 - Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (d. 1882)
*February 22 - James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (d. 1891)
*March 3 - Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (d. 1912)
*March 14 - Eric Edlund, Swedish physicist and meteorologist (d. 1888)
*March 31 - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1901)
*April 4 - Queen Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
*April 9 - Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer (d. 1892)
*April 11 - Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
*April 18 - Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (d. 1895)
*April 28 - Ezra Abbot, American Biblical scholar (d. 1884)
*May 5 - Stanisław Moniuszko, Polish composer (d. 1872)
*May 24 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (d. 1901)
*May 27 - Julia Ward Howe, American abolitionist and poet (d. 1910)
*May 31 - Walt Whitman, American poet (d. 1892)
*June 5 - John Couch Adams, English astronomer (d. 1892)
*June 10 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
*June 20 - Jacques Offenbach, German-born composer (d. 1880)
*June 29 - Nicolae Bălcescu, Wallachian revolutionary (d. 1852)

July - December

*July 19 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
*August 1
**Richard Dadd, British painter (d. 1886)
**Herman Melville, American novelist (d. 1891)
* August 13 - Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Irish mathematician and physicist (d. 1903)
*August 25 - Allan Pinkerton, American detective (d. 1884)
*August 26 - Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria (d. 1861)
*September 7 - Thomas Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
*September 13 - Clara Schumann, German composer and pianist (d. 1896)
*September 22 - Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (d. 1897)
*October 16 - Austin F. Pike, American politician from New Hampshire (d. 1886)
*October 20 - The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábi Faith (d. 1850)
*November 22 - George Eliot, British novelist (d. 1880)
*December 30 - Theodor Fontane, German writer (d. 1898)
*Felice Orsini, Italian revolutionary (d. 1858)

Deaths

January - June

*January 9 - Princess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, Queen of Württemberg (b. 1788)
*February 5 - Nikolai Nikolev, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1758)
*February 17 - Henry Constantine Jennings, British collector and gambler (b. 1731)
*February 25 - Francisco Manoel de Nascimento, poet (b. 1734)
*March - Nonosbawsut, Beothuk leader
*March 10 - Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher (b. 1743)
*April - Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1730)
*May 8 - Kamehameha I, King of Hawaii (b. 1738)
*May 22 - Hugh Williamson, American Founding Father (b. 1735)
*June 6 - Johann von Hiller, Austrian general (b. 1754)

July - December

*July 1 - Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (b. 1754)
*August 21 - Haim Farkhi, Jewish adviser to Ottoman Empire (assassinated) (b. 1760)
*August 23 - Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer (b. 1785)
*August 25 - James Watt, Scottish inventor (b. 1736)
*September 12 - Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)
*September 20 - Abbé Faria, hypnotist (b. 1746)
*October 13 - Imperial Concubine Chun of the Jiaqing Emperor of China
*December 5 - Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, German poet (b. 1750)
*December 19 - Sir Thomas Fremantle, English naval officer and politician (b. 1765)
*"date unknown" - Mariano Osorio, Governor of Chile (b. 1777)