- Alphabets of Asia Minor
Various
alphabetic writing systems were in use inIron Age Anatolia to record Anatolian dialects and thePhrygian language . Previously several of these languages had been written with logographic and syllabic systems.The alphabets of Asia Minor may be classified into two groups. The first of them (Phrygian and Lemnian) were early adaptations of regional variants of the
Greek alphabet ; the earliest Phrygian inscriptions are contemporary with early Greek inscriptions, but contain Greek innovations such as the lettersΦ andΨ which did not exist in the earliest forms of the Greek alphabet.*The
Phrygian alphabet , recording thePhrygian language , was in use inPhrygia from ca. the 8th to the 3rd century BCE, 20 letters. Phrygian was based on thewestern Greek alphabet which usedΨ (instead ofΧ ) for [kʰ] . TheMysia n alphabet is a variant, with one additional letter.
*TheLemnian alphabet ofPelasgians , seeLemnos stele The second group (Carian, Para-Carian, Lydian, Para-Lydian, Lycian and Sidetic) share characteristics that distinguish them from the earliest forms of the Greek alphabet. Many letters in these alphabets resemble Greek letters but have unrelated readings, most extensively in the case of Carian.
*The
Lydian script , an alphabet used to record theLydian language from ca. the 5th to 4th centuries BCE, related is the "Para-Lydian" alphabet known from a single inscription inSardis . Lydian used the letter 8 for /f/, a remarkable convergence with theEtruscan alphabet , where 8 (unicode|
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