Bentham & Hooker system

An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :

:cite book|author = G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker|year = three volumes, 1862–1883|title = Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (available online at [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ Gallica] )

The system recognises the following main groups:

*DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
*: Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
*: Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ
*: Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ
*DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
*: Series 1. INFERÆ
*: Series 2. HETEROMERÆ
*: Series 3. BICARPELLATÆ
* DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
* GYMNOSPERMEÆ
* MONOCOTYLEDONES

Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system

Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. It indicates a family by "ordo"; an order is indicated by "cohors" (in the first two volumes) or "series" (in the third volume); in the first two volumes “series” refers to a rank above that of order. Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the "ICBN" provides for this.

*DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM
*: SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
*:: COHORS I. RANALES
*::: I. RANUNCULACEÆ
*::: II. DILLENIACEÆ
*::: III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
*::: IV. MAGNOLIACEÆ
*::: V. ANONACEÆ [sic]
*::: VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
*::: VII. BERBERIDEÆ
*::: VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
*:: COHORS II. PARIETALES
*::: IX. SARRACENIACEÆ
*::: X. PAPAVERACEÆ
*::: XI. CRUCIFERÆ
*::: XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
*::: XIII. RESEDACEÆ
*::: XIV. CISTINEÆ
*::: XV. VIOLARIEÆ
*::: XVI. CANELLACEÆ
*::: XVII. BIXINEÆ
*:: COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
*::: XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
*::: XIX. TREMANDREÆ
*::: XX. POLYGALÆ
*::: XXa. VOCHYSIACEÆ
*:: COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
*::: XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
*::: XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
*::: XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
*::: XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
*:: COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
*::: XXV. ELATINEÆ
*::: XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
*::: XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
*::: XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
*::: XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
*::: XXX. CHLENACEÆ
*:: COHORS VI. MALVALES
*::: XXXI. MALVACEÆ
*::: XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
*::: XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
*: SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
*:: COHORS VII. GERANIALES
*::: XXXIV LINEÆ
*::: XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
*::: XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
*::: XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
*::: XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
*::: XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
*::: XL. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
*::: XLI. OCHNACEÆ
*::: XLII. BURSERACEÆ
*::: XLIII. MELIACEÆ
*::: XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
*:: COHORS VIII. OLACALES
*::: XLV. OLACINEÆ
*::: XLVI. ILICINEÆ
*:: COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
*::: XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
*::: XLVIII. STACKHOUSIEÆ
*::: XLIX. RHAMNEÆ
*::: L. AMPELIDEÆ
*:: COHORS X. SAPINDALES
*::: LI. SAPINDACEÆ
*::: LII. SABIACEÆ
*::: LIII. ANACARDIACEÆ
*:: Incertae sedis
*::: LIV. CORIARIÆ
*::: LV. MORINGEÆ
*: SERIES III. CALYCIFLORÆ
*:: COHORS XI. ROSALES
*::: LVI. CONNARACEÆ
*::: LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
*::: LVIII. ROSACEÆ
*::: LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
*::: LX. CRASSULACEÆ
*::: LXI. DROSERACEÆ
*::: LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
*::: LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
*::: LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
*:: COHORS XII. MYRTALES
*::: LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
*::: LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
*::: LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
*::: LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
*::: LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
*::: LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
*:: COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
*::: LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
*::: LXXII. LOASEÆ
*::: LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
*::: LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
*::: LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
*::: LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
*::: LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
*:: COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
*::: LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
*::: LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
*:: COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
*::: LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
*::: LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
*::: LXXXII. CORNACEÆ

*DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ
*: SERIES I. INFERÆ
*:: COHORS I. RUBIALES
*::: LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
*::: LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
*:: COHORS II. ASTERALES
*::: LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
*::: LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
*::: LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
*::: LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
*:: COHORS III. CAMPANALES
*::: LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
*::: LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
*::: XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
*: SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
*:: COHORS IV ERICALES
*::: XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
*::: XCIII. ERICACEÆ
*::: XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
*::: XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
*::: XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
*::: XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
*:: COHORS V. PRIMULALES
*::: XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
*::: XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
*::: C. MYRSINEÆ
*:: COHORS VI. EBENALES
*::: CI. SAPOTACEÆ
*::: CII. EBENACEÆ
*::: CIII. STYRACEÆ
*: SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
*:: COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
*::: CIV. OLEACEÆ
*::: CV. SALVADORACEÆ
*::: CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
*::: CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
*::: CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
*::: CIX. GENTIANEÆ
*:: COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
*::: CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
*::: CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
*::: CXII. BORAGINEÆ
*::: CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
*::: CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
*:: COHORS IX. PERSONALES
*::: CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
*::: CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
*::: CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
*::: CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
*::: CXIX. GESNERACEÆ [sic]
*::: CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
*::: CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
*::: CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
*:: COHORS X. LAMIALES
*::: CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
*::: CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
*::: CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
*::: CXXVI. LABIATÆ
*:: incertae sedis
*::: CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ

*DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ
*:: Series I. Curvembryeæ
*::: CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
*::: CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
*::: CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
*::: CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
*::: CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
*::: CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
*::: CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
*:: Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
*::: CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
*:: Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
*::: CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
*::: CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
*::: CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
*:: Series IV. Micrembryeæ
*::: CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
*::: CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
*::: CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
*::: CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
*:: Series V. Daphnales
*::: CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
*::: CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
*::: CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
*::: CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
*::: CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
*:: Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
*::: CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
*::: CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
*::: CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
*:: Series VII. Unisexuales
*::: CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
*::: CLII. BALANOPEÆ
*::: CLIII. URTICACEÆ
*::: CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
*::: CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
*::: CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
*::: CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
*::: CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
*::: CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
*:: Series VIII. Ordines anomali ("incertae sedis")
*::: CLX. SALICINEÆ
*::: CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
*::: CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
*::: CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ

*GYMNOSPERMEÆ [sic]
*::: CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
*::: CLXV. CONIFERÆ
*::: CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ

*MONOCOTYLEDONES
*:: Series I. Microspermæ
*::: CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆ
*::: CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
*::: CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ
*:: Series II Epigynæ
*::: CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ
*::: CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ
*::: CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ
*::: CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ
*::: CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ
*::: CLXXV. TACCACEÆ
*::: CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ
*:: Series III Coronarieæ
*::: CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ
*::: CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ
*::: CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ
*::: CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ
*::: CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ
*::: CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ
*::: CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ
*::: CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ
*:: Series VI Calycineæ
*::: CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
*::: CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
*::: CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
*:: Series V. Nudifloreæ
*::: CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
*::: CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
*::: CXC TYPHACEÆ
*::: CXCI. AROIDEÆ
*::: CXCII. LEMNACEÆ
*:: Series VI. Apocarpæ
*::: CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
*::: CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ
*::: CXCV. NAIADACEÆ [sic]
*:: Series VII. Glumaceæ
*::: CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
*::: CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ
*::: CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
*::: CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
*::: CC. GRAMINEÆ