Kahlan

Kahlan was one of the main tribal federations of Saba'a in Yemen.

Conflict with Himyar

By the 1st century BC Saba'a was declining gradually and its southern neighbor Himyar was able to settle many Nomadic tribes that was allied to Saba'a and create a stronger Himyarite nation in the lowlands. Eventually Saba'a was incorporated into Himyar and resistance was reduced to the Kahlan tribes who were overpowered by Himyar and forced out of Highlands in Yemen. Most Of Kahlan remained in the Yemeni desert region around Marib until the destruction of the Dam in the 3rd century AD. this forced the Kahlani tribes to emigrate to Mesopotamia and Syria.

The Kahlan Septs

The Kahlan branched into 5 main branchess; Azd, Hamdan, Lakhm, Tayy, Kinda

Azd branches

In the 3rd century AD. The Azd branched into four branches each leaded by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaqiba

Imran Bin Amr

Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia and later invaded Karman and Shiraz in Southern Persia. Another branch headed west back to Yemen and a group went further West all the way to Tihama on the Red Sea (Azd Al-Suna'a). This branch will become known as Azd Uman after Islam.

Jafna bin Amr

Jafna bin Amr and his family, headed for Syria where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids who was so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria.

Thalabah bin Amr

Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe Al-Azd for Hijaz and lived between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar. When he gained strength, he headed for Yathrib where he stayed. Of his seed are the great Aws and Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. Those will be the Muslim Ansar and will produce the last Arab Dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).

Haritha/Khuza'a bin Amr

Khuza'a known as Haritha Amr bin Muzaqiba. Lead a branch of the Azd Qahtani tribes wandered with his tribe in Hijaz until they came to Mar al-Zahran. Later, they conquered the Haram, and settled in Mecca after having driven away its people, the tribe of Jurhum, They were later replaced by their Adnani allied tribe of Quraish. Banu Almustaliq will branch out of Khuza'a and settled Qadid on the Red Sea shore between Jeddah and Rabigh [http://www.anwary-islam.com/battle/ghazwah_mustaliq.html]

Hamadan branches

Hashid and Bakil

Today still in the same ancient tribal form in Yemen Hashid and Bakil of Hamadan remained in the highlands North of Sana'a between Marib and Hajja'a.

Banu Yam

Banu Yam settled to the North of Bakil in Najran (today in Saudi Arabia) it also branched into the tribes: the Al Murrah and the 'Ujman of eastern Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf coast.

Banu Kathir

Banu Kathir moved to Hadramut in the East of Yemen where they established their own sultanate.

Banu Al-Mashrouki

Banu Al-Mashrouki settled in Lebanon producing well known Maronite influential families such as the Awwad, Massa'ad, Al-Sema'ani, Hasroun [ [http://www.hasroun.8m.com/page17.html] Al-Mashrouki in Hasroun] .

Banu Al Harith remained in Jabal Amil and were mainly Shia. A smaller group joined the Yemeni Druze and were eventually pushed by Kaysi Druze to Jabal Al Druze in Syria.

Lakhm

Under the leadership of Malik bin Uday bin Al-Harith bin Murr bin Add bin Zayed bin Yashjub bin Uraieb bin Zayed. They spread to the North mainl in Southern and Western Mesopotamia, Rafah, Golan, Hauran and they were the first Southern Arabs to settle Northern Egypt were they were later joined with the Sicasik, Banu Judham and the Ghassanids. The Lakhmids produced The Abadi, Ubadi and Banu Bahr dynasties in Spain. Other notable Lakhmid is the late Arab leader Gamal Abdul Nasser from the Bani Mur of Banu Lakhm.

Banu Tayy

Led by Usma bin Luai in their massive exodus out of Yemen (115 BCE), the Tayy invaded the mountains of Ajaa and Salma from Banu Assad and Banu Tamim in northern Arabia. These mountains are now known as Jabal Shammar. The Tayy became camel herders and horse breeders and lived a nomadic lifestyle in northern Nejd for centuries. Because of their strength and blood relations with the Yemenite dynasties that came to rule Syria (Ghassan) and Iraq (the Lakhmids), they expanded north into Iraq all the way to the capital at the time al-Hirah.

Kinda

They dwelt in the Bahrain but were expelled to East Yemen a group of them moved to Nejd where they instituted a powerful government that was a vassal kingdom for Himyar. They gradually declined After the fall of Himyar in 525 AD The Kindites towns fell under content bedouins raids from Nejd that eventually destroyed the Kindites and they were absorbed into the Nejdi tribal federations.

Ancient Arabian and Qahtani tribes that lived in Kahlan

Banu Amela

The Banu Amela were the first South Arabian tribe to settle The Southern part of Mt Lebanon later know as Jabal Amil, possibly as early as the 1st millennium BC.

Banu Judham

The Banu Judham dwelt with Lakhmids, Azdis in Syria and later settled Northern Egypt with Lakhmids. They were a Qahtani Yemeni tribe in alliance with the Kahlan tribes.

akasic

The Sakasic were a Himyarite tribe that settled Northern Egypt around 3rd century AD. They settled the ancient town of Bubastis in Egypt giving it its modern name Zaqaziq

Banu Quda'a

The Banu Quda'a were a Himyarite tribe that was exiled from Yemen following the trials of the Lakhmids and they settled The Southern part of the Lakhmid Kingdom in the Samawa region.

ources

* Almaqhafi, Awwad: "Qabayl Wa Biton Al-Arab"
* Almsaodi, Abdulaziz; "Tarikh Qabayl Al-Arab"
* "TheArabHistory.Com, Website"
*History Ibn Khaldoun
*History Ibn al-Athir
*History Ibn Hisham
*History Al-Hamdani