Bozo the Clown

Bozo the Clown is a clown character whose widespread franchising in early television made him the best-known clown character in the United States.fact|date=July 2008

History

Created as a character in 1946 by Alan W. Livingston who produced a children's storytelling record-album and illustrative read-along book set which Livingston called a "Record Reader", the first of its kind, titled "Bozo at the Circus" for Capitol Records. Pinto Colvig portrayed the character on this and subsequent Bozo read-along records. The albums were extremely popular and the character became a mascot for the record company and was later nicknamed "Bozo the Capitol Clown." In 1949, Capitol and Livingston began setting up royalty arrangements with manufacturers and television stations for use of the Bozo character. KTTV-TV in Los Angeles began broadcasting the first show, "Bozo's Circus", featuring Colvig as Bozo with his blue-and-red costume, oversized red hair and classic "whiteface" clown makeup on Fridays at 7:30 p.m.

In 1956, Larry Harmon, one of several actors hired by Livingston and Capitol Records to portray Bozo at promotional appearances, formed a business partnership and bought the licensing rights (excluding the record-readers) to the character when Livingston briefly left Capitol in 1956. Harmon had the vision and drive to take advantage of the growing television industry and make a better future for Bozo. He renamed the character "Bozo, The World’s Most Famous Clown" and modified the voice, laugh and costume. He then worked with a wig stylist to get the wing-tipped bright orange style and look of the hair that had previously appeared in Capitol's Bozo comic books. He started his own animation studio and distributed (through Jayark Films Corporation) a series of cartoons (with Harmon as the voice of Bozo) to television stations, along with the rights for each to hire its own live Bozo host, beginning with KTLA-TV in Los Angeles on January 5, 1959 and starring Vance Colvig, Jr., son of the original "Bozo the Clown", Pinto Colvig. Unlike many other shows on television, "Bozo the Clown" was mostly a franchise as opposed to being syndicated, meaning that local TV stations could put on their own local productions of the show complete with their own Bozo. Another show that had previously used this model successfully was "Romper Room". Since each market used a different portrayer for the character, the voice and look of each market's Bozo also differed slightly. One example is the voice and laugh of WGN-TV Chicago's Bob Bell, who also wore a red costume throughout the first decade of his portrayal. The wigs for Bozo were originally manufactured through the famous Hollywood firm, Emil Corsillo Inc. This long time Hollywood company designed and manufactured toupees and wigs for the entertainment industry. Bozo's headpiece was made from yak hair, which was adhered to a canvas base with a starched burlap interior foundation. The hair was first styled, formed, then sprayed with a heavy coat of lacquer to keep its form. From time-to-time, the headpiece needed freshening and was sent to the Hollywood factory for a quick refurbishing. The canvas top would slide over the actor's forehead. With the exception of the Bozo wigs for WGN-TV Chicago, the eyebrows were permanently painted on the headpiece. In 1965, Harmon bought out his business partners and became the sole owner of the licensing rights. Thinking that one national show would be more profitable for his company, Harmon produced 130 of his own half-hour shows from 1965 to 1967 titled "Bozo's Big Top" with WHDH-TV (now WCVB-TV) Boston's Bozo, Frank Avruch, for syndication in 1966. Avruch's portrayal and look resembled Harmon's more so than most of the other portrayers at the time. Harmon was met with resistance though and the show's distribution was limited as most television stations preferred to continue producing their own versions, the most popular being Bob Bell and WGN-TV Chicago's more elaborate "Bozo's Circus" which ultimately went national via cable and satellite in 1978. Bell retired in 1984 and was replaced by Joey D'Auria.

The series successfully survived competition from syndicated and network children's programs for many years until 1994 when WGN management decided to get out of the weekday children's television business and buried "The Bozo Show" in an early Sunday timeslot as "The Bozo Super Sunday Show". It suffered another blow in 1997 when its format became educational following a Federal Communications Commission mandate requiring broadcast television stations to air a minimum three hours of educational children's programs per week. In 2001, station management controversially ended production citing increased competition from newer children's cable channels.

In 2005, Chicago's Bozo returned to the national television airwaves in a two-hour retrospective titled "Bozo, Gar & Ray: WGN TV Classics". The primetime premiere was #1 in the Chicago market and continues to be rebroadcast annually during the holiday season. In 2003, Harmon released six of his "Bozo's Big Top" programs with Avruch on DVD and a box set of 30 episodes in 2007 retitled "Larry Harmon's Bozo, The World's Most Famous Clown Vol.1". The WGN-TV Chicago Bozo shows have not been released commercially in any video format.

On Thursday, July 3, 2008, Larry Harmon died of congestive heart failure. He was 83.

Following is a partial list of Bozo television portrayers since the original (Pinto Colvig):

United States

Nationally syndicated Bozo

* Frank Avruch (1966–1970s) at WHDH-TV (now WCVB) Boston(Produced 1965–1967 with syndication limited to local U.S. TV markets that were not producing their own Bozo shows.)

National cable and satellite TV Bozos

* Bob Bell (1978–1984) at Superstation WGN Chicago
* Joey D'Auria (1984–2001) at Superstation WGN Chicago(Signal-reach throughout North America included the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean among others.)

Local Bozos

* Birmingham, Alabama
** Bart Darby (1961–1962) at WBRC-TV
** Ward McIntyre (1962–1968) at WBRC-TV
* Little Rock, Arkansas
** Gary Weir (1966–early 1970s) at KATV-TV; also (late 1980s) at KARK-TV; also at KAIT-TV in Jonesboro, Arkansas (1970s–1980s); also at KLRT-TV in Little Rock in the late 1980s.
* Los Angeles, California
** Vance Colvig, Jr. (1959–1964) at KTLA-TV (son of the original Bozo the Clown)
* Washington, D.C.
** Willard Scott (1959–1962) at WRC-TV
** Dick Dyszel at WDCA-TV
* Miami, Florida
** Alan Rock (1968–1970) at WAJA-TV
* Orlando, Florida
** Alan Rock (1971–1974) at WFTV-TV
* Chicago, Illinois
** Bob Bell (1960–1984) at WGN-TV
** Joey D'Auria (1984–2001) at WGN-TV
* Moline, Illinois
** Keith Andrews (1967) at WQAD-TV
* Shreveport, Louisiana at KTBS-TV
** Joe Miot (1967–1968]
** Terry MacDonald (now Mac McDonald) (1968)
** Drew Hunter (1969–1970)
* Bangor, Maine
** Mike Dolley (1962–1967) at WABI-TV
* Baltimore, Maryland
** Stu Kerr (1960s) at WMAR-TV
* Boston, Massachusetts
** Frank Avruch (1959–1970) at WHDH-TV (now WCVB-TV)
*New Bedford, Massachusetts
**Bennett B. Schneider IV (1969–1971) at WTEV-TV (now WLNE-TV)
*Worcester, Massachusetts
** Tom Matzell (1970–1974) at WSMW-TV
* Detroit, Michigan "(see also Windsor, Ontario)"
** Jerry Booth (1959) at WWJ-TV
** Bob McNea (1959–1967) at WWJ-TV
** Art Cervi (1975–1980) at WJBK-TV
** Andrew F. Smith (1991–1997) at WADL (TV)
* Flint, Michigan
** Frank Cady (1967–1979) at WJRT-TV
* Grand Rapids, Michigan
** Dick Richards (1968–1999) at WZZM-TV
* Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota
** Roger Erickson (c. 1959-63) at WCCO-TV

* New York City, New York
** Bill Britten (1959–1964) at WPIX-TV
** Gordon Ramsey (1969–1970) at WWOR-TV (Appeared on the nationally syndicated What's My Line?, first as Bozo for the first segment without revealing his name, then as himself for the last round with his line being "I'm Bozo the Clown.")
* Charlotte, North Carolina
** Jim Patterson (1962–1966) at WBTV-TV
* Dayton/Springfield, Ohio
** David Eaton (early 1970s) at WSWO-TV
* Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
** Deon Aumier (1989–1990) at WGBS-TV
** Bob McCone (1990–1994) at WGBS-TV
* Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
** Deeny Kaplan at WPGH-TV
* Providence, Rhode Island
** Jeremy Baker at WNAC-TV
* Sioux Falls, South Dakota
** Pat Tobin (1960–1962) at KSOO-TV
* Nashville, Tennessee
** Tom Tichenor (1959) at WSM-TV (now WSMV-TV)
** Dick Brackett (late 1959-1966) at WSM-TV (now WSMV-TV) (Tom Tichenor accepted an off-Broadway show opportunity and Dick Brackett took his place.)
** Joe Holcum (mid 1960's) at WSIX-TV (now WKRN-TV)
** Jim Kent (late 1960' to early 1970s) at WSIX-TV (now WKRN-TV)
* Memphis, Tennessee
** Jim Chapin (1955) at WHBQ-TV
* Austin, Texas
** Mel Pennington (1967) at KHFI-TV
* El Paso, Texas
** Howell Eurich (1968–1972) at KROD-TV

International

Canada

* Windsor, Ontario "(see also Detroit, Michigan)"
** Art Cervi (1967–1975) at CKLW-TV

Mexico

* Mexico City
** Jose Manuel Vargas (1960s–1990s) at XEW-TV
* Monterrey
** Jose Marroquin (1961–1963) at XHX-TV

Bozo on Boston TV

The local WHDH-TV Boston production of "Bozo's Circus" with Frank Avruch aired from 1959 until 1970, and 130 episodes taped between 1965 and 1967 were produced and syndicated by Larry Harmon Pictures Corporation to local U.S. television markets that did not produce their own Bozo shows. The half-hour syndicated shows were retitled "Bozo The Clown" (on episodes with a 1965 date) and "Bozo's Big Top" (on episodes with a 1966 date). Caroll Spinney appeared as "Mr. Lion" and "Kookie The Boxing Kangaroo," billed in the credits as Ed Spinney. He later went on to portray "Big Bird" and "Oscar the Grouch" on PBS's "Sesame Street". Licensor Larry Harmon supervised the taping of these episodes, with Harmon-approved characters added, some based on characters in Harmon's classic animated "Bozo" cartoon shorts. The series continued to run in syndication for many years, and was rerun locally in the late 1970s and early 1980s on WLVI-TV. In 2003, Harmon released six of these shows on DVD and, in 2007, 30 of them in a DVD box set entitled "Larry Harmon's Bozo, The World's Most Famous Clown, Collection 1". A second box set was released later that year, also containing 30 of the half-hours; the second box set ("Collection 2") includes the six episodes previously released on the two earlier single DVD releases, and also repeats one show from "Collection 1", for a grand total of 59 episodes released on DVD altogether. Although the shows included on the two single-disc DVDs had contemporary computer-animated characters superimposed over some scenes, the versions included in "Collection 2" are presented in their original form.

Bozo on Chicago TV

The Chicago Bozo franchise was the most popular and successful locally produced children's program in the history of television. It also became the most widely known Bozo show as WGN-TV became a national cable television Superstation in 1978. Chicago's "Bozo" debuted on June 20, 1960 starring Bob Bell on a live half-hour show, weekdays at noon, performing comedy sketches and introducing cartoons. It evolved into "Bozo's Circus" on September 11, 1961, as a live hour-long show with additional cast members, a 13-piece orchestra, circus acts, games and prizes before a 200+ member studio audience. Erstwhile WGN-TV children's show host Ned Locke of "Lunchtime Little Theater" and "Paddleboat" presided as "Ringmaster Ned." Although Bell had previously portrayed Bozo, the character did not appear on the September 11th telecast due to a budgeting error by producer Jim McGinn. Hal Taylor, an NCAA trampoline champion from the University of Wisconsin, performed and served as Locke's foil in comedy sketches. Bell returned as Bozo the next day. In the early months of the series, a respected English acrobatic clown, "Wimpey" (played by Bertram William Hiles) worked on the show, providing some legitimate circus background and performing opposite Bell's Bozo in comedy sketches. Hiles continued to make periodic guest appearances on the show into the mid-1960s. In October 1961, Don Sandburg joined the show as producer and principal sketch writer, and also appeared as the mute clown "Sandy", a character partly inspired by Harpo Marx. (He was announced by Locke at the start of each show as "Sandy the Tramp", although Sandburg himself preferred to be called "Sandy the Clown"). By November, another eventual Chicago television legend joined the show's cast, Ray Rayner, as "Oliver O. Oliver", a country bumpkin from Puff Bluff, Kentucky. Rayner was hosting WGN's "Dick Tracy Show" (which also premiered the same day as "Bozo's Circus") and later replaced Dick Coughlan as host of "Breakfast with Bugs Bunny", which was rechristened "Ray Rayner and His Friends". WGN musical director Bob Trendler led the WGN Orchestra, dubbed the "Big Top Band." Games on the show included the "Grand Prize Game" created by Sandburg, whereby a boy and girl were selected from the studio audience by the Magic Arrows, and later the Bozoputer (a random number generator), to toss a ping-pong ball into a series of successively numbered buckets until they missed. If they made the winning toss into the sixth bucket, they (and an "at-home player") received a cash prize, a bike and, in later years, a trip. (For many years, one "silver dollar" was dropped into Bucket #6 each day "until someone wins them all." When the show changed to a 90-minute format, shows no longer aired consecutively, so the final bucket now contained a $50 bill, increased to $100 in 1989.) The Grand Prize Game became so popular, Larry Harmon adapted it for other Bozo shows (as "Bozo Buckets" to some and "Bucket Bonanza" to others) and also licensed home and coin-operated versions.

Over time, new characters were introduced to the cast. Some made a lasting impression while others were briefly tenured. In October 1968, Bell was hospitalized for a brain aneurysm and was absent from the show for several months. Meanwhile, Sandburg resolved to leave the show for the West Coast but stayed longer while Bell recuperated. To pick up the slack, WGN floor manager Richard Shiloh Lubbers appeared as "Monty Melvin", named after a schoolmate of Sandburg's, while WGN "Garfield Goose and Friends" and "Ray Rayner and His Friends" puppeteer Roy Brown created a new character, "Cooky the Cook." Magician Marshall Brodien, who had been making semi-regular guest appearances in which he frequently interacted with the clowns, also appeared as a wizard character in an Arabian Nights-inspired costume and by the early 1970s evolved into "Wizzo the Wizard." Sandburg left the show in January 1969 and Bell returned in March. Lubbers left as well with Brown staying on as a permanent cast member. By 1971, Rayner began appearing less frequently and last played Oliver on March 1 of that year. Rayner was briefly replaced by Pat Tobin as Oliver's cousin "Elrod T. Potter", and then by magician John Thompson (an acquaintance of Brown's and Brodien's) as "Clod Hopper." (Tobin previously had played Bozo on a local production on KSOO-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Thompson has appeared on A&E's "Criss Angel Mindfreak".) Rayner periodically returned to guest host as himself in his morning show's jumpsuit as "Mr. Ray" when Ned Locke was absent. By 1973, WGN gave up on Thompson and increased Brodien's appearances as Wizzo. In 1975, Bob Trendler retired from television and his Big Top Band was reduced to a three-piece band led by Tom Fitzsimmons. Ned Locke also retired from television in 1976 and was replaced by Frazier Thomas, host of WGN's "Family Classics" and "Garfield Goose and Friends", at which point "Garfield Goose and Friends" ended its 24-year run on Chicago television with the puppets moving to an abbreviated segment on "Bozo's Circus". As the storyline went, Gar "bought" "Bozo's Circus" from the retiring Mr. Ned and appointed "Prime Minister" Thomas as the new Circus Manager.

By 1980, Chicago's public schools stopped allowing students to go home for lunch and Ray Rayner announced his imminent departure from his morning show and Chicago television. "Bozo’s Circus" was renamed "The Bozo Show" and moved to weekdays at 8:00 a.m., on tape, immediately following "Ray Rayner and His Friends". On January 26, 1981, "The Bozo Show" replaced "Ray Rayner and His Friends" at 7:00 a.m. The program expanded to 90 minutes, the circus acts and "Garfield Goose and Friends" puppets were dropped, while Cuddly Dudley and more cartoons were added. In 1983, Pat Hurley, from ABC's "Kids Are People Too", joined the cast as himself mingling with the studio audience and periodically participating in sketches. The biggest change occurred in 1984 with the retirement of Bob Bell, with the show still #1 in its timeslot and over a 10-year wait for studio audience reservations. After a nationwide search, Bell was replaced by NBC's "Gong Show" contestant Joey D'Auria, who would play the role of Bozo for the next 17 years. One of the characters D'Auria performed and won for on "The Gong Show" was Dr. Flameo, which he also performed on "The Chuck Barris Rah-Rah Show" and "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". In 1985, Frazier Thomas died and Hurley filled in, serving as host for the final six shows to be taped that season, stepping into a semi-authority character through the end of the 1986–1987 season. At that point, Hurley was "downsized" in a series of cutbacks, the selection of cartoons featured on the show was streamlined, with the show's timeslot being reduced to 60 minutes. Also that year, a synthesizer performed by Andy Mitran as "Professor Andy" replaced the three-piece Big Top Band. Roy Brown began suffering heart-related problems and was absent from the show for an extended period during the 1991–92 season. Since this coincided with the show's 30th anniversary, a reunion special was produced (telecast September 8, 1991) and Don Sandburg returned to play Sandy, filling in for Cooky for the first two weeks of the season. Actor Adrian Zmed (best known from ABC-TV's "T.J. Hooker"), who was a childhood fan of "Bozo's Circus" and former Grand Prize Game contestant, also appeared on the special and portrayed himself as a "Rookie Clown" for the following two weeks. Actor Michael Immel then joined the show as "Spiffy" (Spifford Q. Fahrquahrrr). Brown returned in January 1992 initially on a part-time basis but suffered additional health setbacks and took another extended leave of absence in the fall of 1993.

Brown's presence on the show remained as previously aired segments with Cuddly Dudley (and a few with Cooky) were incorporated until 1994, when he and Marshall Brodien retired from television and the show was moved to Sunday mornings and rechristened "The Bozo Super Sunday Show" on September 11th. Brown, Brodien and Immel were replaced by new characters: Robin Eurich as "Rusty the Handyman" (whose father, Howell Eurich, had been the local Bozo in El Paso, Texas), along with the show's first female characters, "Pepper" (Cathy Schenkelberg) and "Tunia" (Michele Gregory). Schenkelberg and Gregory rotated each week until Schenkelberg left in 1996. The show's format was revised in 1997 in response to an FCC rule requiring broadcast television stations to air a minimum three hours per week of "educational and informational" children's programs. In 1998, Gregory left the show. The last show taped on June 12, 2001 was the "Bozo: 40 Years of Fun!" special, and aired on July 14, 2001, featuring a guest appearance by singer Billy Corgan, a loyal fan of the WGN show, who performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young." The final rerun of "The Bozo Super Sunday Show" was broadcast August 26, 2001.

WGN-TV's Bozo returned to the national airwaves in a two-hour retrospective titled "Bozo, Gar & Ray: WGN TV Classics" on December 24, 2005. The primetime premiere was #1 in the Chicago market and continues to be rebroadcast annually during the holiday season.

Chicago Bozo trivia

*On September 11, 1978, the show celebrated its 17th anniversary, with guest appearances by acting Chicago Mayor Michael Bilandic and WGN-based talk show host Phil Donahue.
*On a show taped February 6, 1984 and aired the following week, Ray Rayner, who was visiting Chicago to play Nathan Detroit in a Candelight Dinner Playhouse production of "Guys and Dolls", returned for a guest appearance (dressed in his familiar "Ray Rayner and His Friends" jumpsuit) and sang the title song of the musical with Bob Bell as Bozo and Roy Brown as Cooky.
*On April 4, 1984, local and national media jammed WGN-TV's Studio One to cover Bob Bell's final show taping as Bozo. The final sketch involved a pie fight and Bell, covered with shaving cream, led his final Grand March.
*On September 5, 1984, Joey D'Auria taped his first "Bozo Show". It aired five days later on September 10, 1984.
*On April 3, 1985, William Frazier Thomas died at the age of 66 in Chicago. The City Council of the City of Chicago passed a resolution naming Bradley Place, between Campbell Avenue and Talman Avenue, "Frazier Thomas Place."
*"The Bozo 25th Anniversary Special" was telecast live from Medinah Temple on September 7, 1986, reuniting current with former cast members Ned Locke as Ringmaster Ned, Bob Trendler with the Big Top Band, Ray Rayner as Oliver O. Oliver, and Don Sandburg as Sandy. Joey D'Auria, who portrayed Bozo throughout the show, introduced Bob Bell (as himself) to a lengthy standing ovation.
*During the height of the Bo Jackson TV ads with the running theme "Bo knows football", "Bo knows baseball", etc., WGN-TV had a clever promo featuring Bozo with the theme that "Boze" knows football, baseball, news, etc. Naturally, Bozo was mostly in over his head, finding himself tangled up in videotape and so forth.
*On September 8, 1991, "The Bozo Show 30th Anniversary Special" featured Joey D'Auria as Bozo, Marshall Brodien as Wizzo, and Don Sandburg as Sandy. Ray Rayner (as himself wearing the jumpsuit) co-hosted the show, introducing clips with D'Auria. Rayner also "brought along" Chelveston the duck from his old morning show. Ned Locke appeared as Ringmaster Ned midway through the special to preside over the Grand Prize Game.
*On February 4, 1992, Norbert Stoyke “Ned” Locke died at the age of 72 in Kimberling City, Missouri. He served as mayor of Kimberling City from 1988 until his death.
*"The Bozo Super Sunday Show" celebrated its 35th anniversary on September 8, 1996 with a regular feature, "The Best Of Bozo", presenting vintage clips each week. Roy Brown returned to play Cooky on the season premiere telecast, which also featured footage from Bob Bell's recent induction into the International Clown Hall Of Fame in Wisconsin. Cooky also led the Grand March. He had previously led the Grand March on a few other occasions: September 30, 1988 after a fan had presented WGN with a 10,000-signature petition; January 13, 1992 when Cooky returned to the show after an extended illness; December 23, 1992 for his induction into the International Clown Hall of Fame; and at least two other instances in the late 1970s and the 1992–93 season when "Fair and Square Contest" bits did not work out as planned.
*On December 8, 1997, Robert Lewis "Bob" Bell died at the age of 75 in San Marcos, California. Illinois Governor Jim Edgar and Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed April 18, 1998 "Bob Bell Day" in the State of Illinois and City of Chicago. The City Council of the City of Chicago passed a resolution naming Addison Street, between Western Avenue and the Chicago River (near the WGN-TV Studios), "Bob Bell Way."
*Actor Dan Castellaneta, a Chicago native, has credited Bob Bell's Bozo (with his "slightly" raspy voice) as the inspiration for his "very" raspy-voiced characterization of Krusty the Clown on "The Simpsons" television series.
*On a show taped October 25, 2000 and aired December 31, 2000, Roy Brown made an appearance as Cooky at the tail-end of a pie fight and led the Grand March. This turned out to be the final episode of "The Bozo Super Sunday Show", taped prior to the "Bozo: 40 Years of Fun!" finale several months later. WGN intended to repeat this episode for the show's final broadcast on Sunday, August 26, 2001, but since it was a New Year's Eve themed, only the final couple of segments featuring Cooky were edited into a rerun of a different episode.
*On January 22, 2001, Roy Thomas Brown died at the age of 68 in Elk Grove Village, Illinois.
*On January 21, 2004, Raymond M. Rahner (Rayner) died at the age of 84 in Fort Myers, Florida.

Bozo around the world

Bozo TV shows were also produced in other countries including: Mexico, Thailand, Australia, Greece and Brazil. Larry Harmon has claimed that more than 200 actors have portrayed the clown.

Brazil

In 1981, Brazil's famous TV show host Silvio Santos (founder and owner of the SBT television network) decided to produce a national Bozo show for the extinct TVS-Record TV station. Comedian Wandeko Pipoca was chosen by Larry Harmon to be the first Brazilian Bozo.

With the clown's large success in Brazil, two more actors, Luís Ricardo and Arlindo Barreto, were hired to play Bozo for additional shows which ran from mornings to afternoons and more comedians were chosen to play Bozo in other parts of the country. Brazil's Bozo shows ended in 1991, following the death of Décio Roberto, the last actor to portray the clown in that country.

Brazil's Bozo won five "Troféu Imprensa", a famous Brazilian award given to personalities and productions in the media (in 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1989), as well as three Gold Albums.

Mexico

In 1961, Mario Quintanilla, chairman of XEFB-TV Channel 3 obtained the local rights of the original Bozo Cartoons, incluiding the autorization of the Bozo's characterization. José Marroquín was chosen as the first Mexican Bozo. He portrayed the character in local Channel 10 Monterrey TV shows until 1963, when the licensing rights ended.

After that, Jose Manuel Vargas Martinez under sponsoring of Clavillazo takes the character as his own. He was the most famous Bozo in Latin America, and created his own version of Bozo's Circus, which traveled all along Latin America for decades. He started as a TV artist participating in a dance marathon in which he became victorious after 27 and half days with their respective nights included, dressed as Bozo. After his success as Bozo, he was the only one among all clowns who traveled to several countries solely to represent the Bozo character. He made special presentations in Italy, Greece, Spain, Hawaii and Canada with his circus. In 2000 he received the ANDA's Arozamena Award for 50 years of uninterrupted career. He died one year later, October 19 2001 due to a lung disease.

In Mexico, TV star, comedian and political commentarist Victor Trujillo created in 1988 the character of "Brozo, El Payaso Tenebroso" (Brozo, the Creepy Clown) as a parody of Bozo for a TV Azteca program with Ausencio Cruz called "La Caravana" (The Caravan). He pleased the audience with his typical Mexican double-entendre humor and adult, telling sarcastic and sometimes obscene versions of classic children tales. He became so popular that TV Azteca asked him to join the reporters and anchors during coverage of the FIFA World Cup in 1994, 1994, 1998 and 2002. He also gave his commentary on the Olympics, starting with the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain until the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. From 2002 to 2004, Trujillo as Brozo was anchor of a popular and successful TV news show, "El Mañanero" [http://www.esmas.com/espectaculos/artistas/303269.html] . It was broadcast on Canal 40 XHTVM-TV and later Televisa, as their offer improved enormously what Canal 40 or TV Azteca could give him. Trujillo discontinued the Brozo character, mostly in respect for his late wife, producer Carolina Padilla. However, due the popularity of the character, Trujillo brought back Brozo in a new TV program that began in early 2006 on Televisa´s XEW-TV "El Notifiero". Up to date, he is considered one most influential political commentarists in Mexico.

Ronald McDonald

Immediately following Willard Scott's three-year-run as WRC-TV Washington, D.C.'s Bozo, the show's sponsors, McDonald's drive-in restaurant franchisees John Gibson and Oscar Goldstein (Gee Gee Distributing Corporation), hired Scott to portray "Ronald McDonald, the Hamburger-Happy Clown" for their local commercials on the character's first three television 'spots.' McDonald's replaced Scott with other actors for their national commercials and the character's costume was changed. One of them was Ray Rayner (Oliver O. Oliver on WGN-TV's "Bozo's Circus"), who appeared in McDonald's national ads in 1968.

"Bozo" as generic noun or verb

Although the generic name "Bozo" is reckoned "of uncertain origin" by the "Random House Unabridged Dictionary" ["Random House Unabridged Dictionary", 2006] and given an earliest use of c. 1915–20, when it was a common term referring to hobo or tramp clowns, the equation of "Bozo" and "dunce" may be credited to Anselm of Canterbury, who laid out many of his treatises in the familiar form of a dialogue, between A, who was Anselm, and B, who was Boso, who never got it right. Bozo has been named in several US presidential elections as a write-in candidate when people felt they were choosing between the lesser of two evils. The name had previously been carried by numerous Carolingian aristocrats (see Boso of Provence). [Constance B. Bouchard, "The Bosonids or Rising to Power in the Late Carolingian Age" "French Historical Studies" 15 3 (Spring 1988, pp. 407–431) p. 408.]
*The Firesign Theatre produced a comedy album called, "I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus".
*At the height of the Watergate scandal, comedian Robert Klein observed how apt it was that U.S. President Richard Nixon's good friend was named Bebe Rebozo, as his last name sounded like a verb meaning "to "Bozo" again."
*Trucker radio host Dale Sommers, who goes by the name "The Truckin' Bozo", supposedly got his nickname by kicking an unsupported wall, causing it to fall over and prompting his boss to say "God, you're a Bozo."
*Comedian Jerry Seinfeld has suggested in his stand-up act that "the Clown" part of the moniker "Bozo the Clown" is superfluous — "Are we going to confuse him with Bozo the District Attorney? Bozo the Pope?" asks Seinfeld.
*The term is used in a clear derogatory sense in the 1931 Marx Brothers film, Monkey Business — Alky Briggs (Harry Woods): "Say, I can help you Bozos!" Groucho: "Mr." Bozos to you!" Alky Briggs: "Alright, "Mr." Bozo."
*Near the end of the 1931 Laurel and Hardy short "One Good Turn", Laurel, in a rare fit of pique against his partner, urged Hardy to come out of the shed he had taken refuge in with the words "Come out of there, you bozo!"
*In an episode of The Nanny, Fran Fine was dating a guy until he reveals his dreams of becoming a clown. She broke with him, disliking the idea of becoming, as she said, "Mrs. Bozo".
*After Jermain Taylor's middleweight championship title defense against Kassim Ouma, Taylor's promoter Lou DiBella said that Jermain's next fight wouldn't be against another tough contender, and instead his next fight would be against "Bozo the Clown in Arkansas."
*In a Season 3 episode of "The Golden Girls", Rose dates an actor who dresses like a superhero. Sophia calls him a clown, but in her usual stupidity, Rose corrects Sophia and says she's thinking of Bozo. Sophia responds by saying, "I'm talking to Bozo".

ee also

*List of local children's television series

Notes

External links

* [http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=93063&page=1 ABC News Investigates Bozo's Origin (2001)]
* [http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/WolfFiles/story?id=116511&page=1 ABC News: Bozo Finally Unmasked (2004)]
* [http://media.www.dailyvanguard.com/media/storage/paper941/news/2004/05/28/News/Whos-The.First.Bozo-2613018.shtml Associated Press: Who's the First Bozo? (2004)]
* [http://www.clown-ministry.com/History/bozo-clown.html Clown Ministry — History of Bozo]
* [http://www.snopes.com/radiotv/tv/bozo.htm Urban Legends Reference Pages discussion of the "Cram it, Clownie!" tale]
* [http://www.pipoporsiempre.com Site de Pipo (Bozo portrayer in Mexico)]
* [http://www.geocities.com/TelevisionCity/Lot/8256/LocalTV/bozo.htm KSOO-TV Sioux Falls, South Dakota Bozo]
* [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1127970 NPR Program about 40 years of Bozo]
* [http://www.captainerniesshowboat.com/bozo Keith Andrews — WQAD-TV Moline, Illinois' Bozo]
* [http://www.bozohistoria.cjb.net The Brazilian Bozo History]

Links for Bozo the Clown on WGN-TV (U.S.)

* [http://www.chicagotelevision.com/wgntv.htm History (fan website) of WGN-TV Chicago's Bozo show]
* [http://www.chicagokidstv.com A virtual museum (fan website) of Chicago's Bozo/Ray/Gar/etc...]
*imdb title|id=0254011|title=Bozo's Circus (1961–1980)
*imdb title|id=0254009|title=The Bozo Show (1980–1994)
*imdb title|id=0254010|title=The Bozo Super Sunday Show (1994–2001)
*imdb title|id=0294402|title=Bozo: 40 Years of Fun! (TV special)