Battle of Atbara

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Atbara
partof=the Mahdist War


date=April 8, 1898
place=At the confluence of the Nile and Atbara rivers, Sudan
result=British and Egyptian victory
combatant1=flagcountry|United Kingdom
flagcountry|Egypt|Ottoman
combatant2=Mahdist Sudan
commander1=Horatio Herbert Kitchener
commander2=Mahmud Ahmed
Osman Digna
strength1=14,000 troops
strength2=12,000 infantry
3,000 cavalry
casualties1=British: 26 killed
99 wounded
Egyptian: 57 killed
386 wounded
casualties2=3,000 killed and wounded
2,000 capturedThe Battle of Atbara took place during the Second Sudan War. Anglo-Egyptian forces defeated 15,000 Sudanese rebels, called Mahdists or Dervishes. The battle proved to be the turning point in the conquest of Sudan by a British and Egyptian coalition.

By 1898, the combined British and Egyptian army was advancing down the Nile river into Sudan. The Sudanese Mahdist leader, the Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad ordered the Emir Mahmud Ahmad and his 10,000 strong army of western Sudan northward towards the junction of the Nile and Atbara rivers to engage the British and Egyptian army led by Herbert Kitchener. Encamping on the banks of the Atbara river by March 20, Mahmud, with Osman Digna's group of Dervish warriors were within 20 miles of the British camp outpost at Fort Atbara at the confluence of the Atbara with the Nile. On April 4, after seeing that the Mahdists were unwilling to attack, Kitchener quietly advanced with the British and Egyptian army towards the Mahdist fortified camp just outside the town of Nakheila.

The British attack began at 6:20 am on April 8 1898; two brigades, the British Brigade led by William Gatacre, and the Egyptian Brigade led by Archibald Hunter, led the attack. After a brief artillery bombardment of the Mahdist camp, the combined British and Egyptian brigades attacked. Soon, the British and Egyptian troops were in the Mahdist camp fighting often hand-to-hand with the Mahdist warriors. After 45 minutes, the battle was over as Osman Digna led a few thousand warriors on a retreat to the south, while most of the remainder were killed or captured, including Mahmud who was captured by loyal Sudanese troops of the Egyptian Brigade.

External links

* [http://sudancampaign.blogspot.com/2005/11/battle-of-atbara.html Battle of Atbara] from "With Kitchener To Khartoum" by G. W. Steevens