Hughes Research Laboratories

:"HRL redirects here. For the U.S. airport, see Valley International Airport."

HRL Laboratories (formerly "Hughes Research Laboratories"), was the research arm of the Hughes Aircraft Company. It was established in 1960 in Malibu as a premiere research center. Currently owned by General Motors Corporation and Boeing, the research facility is housed in two large, white multi-story buildings overlooking Malibu Canyon Road and the Pacific Ocean.

History

In the 1940s, Howard Hughes created a R&D facility in Culver City, California; by 1960, it moved to Malibu, California. In 1984 the U.S. Federal Courts declared in a court case that the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, in order to retain its non-profit status, must divest itself of Hughes Aircraft Company and subsidiaries. General Motors purchased Hughes Aircraft in 1985, and almost immediately began selling off parts of the company. GM sold the Hughes aerospace and defense operations to Raytheon in 1997, and spun off Hughes Research Laboratories (legally renamed "HRL Laboratories, LLC"), with GM and Raytheon as co-owners. GM sold the Hughes satellite operations to Boeing in 2000, and the co-owners became Boeing, GM, and Raytheon. In 2007, Raytheon decided to sell its stake, though it still maintains research and contractual relations with HRL. For more detail, please see Hughes Aircraft. HRL receives funding from its LLC partners, US defense contracts, and other commercial customers.

HRL focuses on advanced developments in microelectronics, information & systems sciences, materials, sensors, and photonics; their workspace spans from basic research to product delivery. It has particularly emphasized capabilities in high performance integrated circuits, high power lasers, antennas, networking, and smart materials.

With downsizing during the aerospace industry's contraction of the 1990s, HRL still continues to be the largest employer in Malibu.

Other facts

* The first working model of the laser was created at Hughes Research Laboratories in 1960 by Theodore Maiman (1927-2007).

* HRL began research on atomic clocks in 1959. In the late 1970s they produced experimental maser oscillators for NRL, which eventually led to space-based GPS atomic clocks.

* HRL began research on ion propulsion in 1961. This research led to the Hughes developed xenon ion propulsion system (XIPS^TM). XIPS was used as the primary propulsion system on NASA's Deep Space 1 (launched in 1998). It is a standard option for primary stationkeeping on the Hughes/Boeing 601HP (first use: PAS-5, 1997) and the 702 (first use: Galaxy-XI, 1999) geostationary satellite families.

* HRL claims to have developed the liquid crystal watch in 1975.

External links

* [http://www.hrl.com HRL Laboratories, LLC (Formerly known as Hughes Research Laboratories)]
* [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8135/23191/01075934.pdf?tp=&isnumber=&arnumber=1075934 Design Factors for Atomic Clocks for Space]
* [http://sat-nd.com/failures/index.html?http://sat-nd.com/failures/xips.html XIPS]
* [http://www.astronautix.com/engines/xip513kw.htm XIPS-25 1.3 kW]
* [http://probes.industrysearch.com/cgi-bin/portal2/main.plx?file=10627.txt Brijot millimeter wave imaging system]
* [http://www.mil-embedded.com/news/db/?11097 Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System]