Howard H. Aiken

Infobox Scientist
name = Howard Hathaway Aiken


image_width = 180px
caption = Howard Aiken
birth_date = birth date|1900|3|8
birth_place = Hoboken, New Jersey
death_date = death date and age|1973|3|14|1900|3|8
death_place = St. Louis, Missouri
residence = United States
citizenship = American
ethnicity =
field = computing
work_institutions = Harvard University
alma_mater = University of Wisconsin-Madison
Harvard University (doctorate)
doctoral_advisor =
known_for = Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculators Harvard Mark I - IV
prizes = Harry H. Goode Memorial Award (1964)
Edison Medal (1970)

Howard Hathaway Aiken (March 8, 1900 – March 14 1973) was a pioneer in computing, being the primary engineer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer.

Biography

He studied at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and later obtained his Ph.D. in physics at Harvard University in 1939. During this time, he encountered differential equations that he could only solve numerically. He envisioned an electro-mechanical computing device that could do much of the tedious work for him. This computer was originally called the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) and later renamed Harvard Mark I. With help from Grace Hopper and funding from IBM, the machine was completed in 1944. In 1947, Aiken completed his work on the Harvard Mark II computer. He continued his work on the Mark III and the Harvard Mark IV. The Mark III used some electronic components and the Mark IV was all-electronic. The Mark III and Mark IV used magnetic drum memory and the Mark IV also had magnetic core memory.

Aiken was inspired by Charles Babbage's Difference Engine. He is supposed to have said (in 1947): "Only six electronic digital computers would be required to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States." This remark is also attributed to Thomas J. Watson, but was probably said by neither.

In 1958 he received the UW-Madison College of Engineering Engineers Day Award, in 1964 he received the Harry H. Goode Memorial Award, and in 1970, Aiken received IEEE's Edison Medal 'For a meritorious career of pioneering contributions to the development and application of large-scale digital computers and important contributions to education in the digital computer field.'

Howard Aiken was also an Officer in the United States Navy Reserve.

He retired to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and died on March 14 1973 during a trip to St. Louis, Missouri. [cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Howard H. Aiken, Built Computer. Developer of the Mark I Dies. Was Harvard Professor. Taught Until 1961. |url= |quote=Dr. Howard Hathaway Aiken, who in the late nineteen-thirties conceived the design for the world's first large-scale computer, the Mark I, in cooperation with engineers of the International Business Machines Corporation, died in his sleep early Wednesday on a visit to St. Louis. He was 73 years old and lived in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. |publisher=New York Times |date=March 16 1973 |accessdate=2008-05-29 ]

External links

*MacTutor Biography|id=Aiken
* [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1999/4/1999_4_56.shtml Father of the computer age]
* [http://www.engr.wisc.edu/eday/eday1958.html UW-Madison College of Engineering Engineers' Day 1958 Award Recipients - Howard Aiken]
* [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=33 Oral history interview with Robert Hawkins] at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Hawkins discusses the Harvard-IBM Mark I project that he worked on at Harvard University as a technician as well as Howard Aiken's leadership of the project.
* [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=34 Oral history interview with Richard M. Bloch] at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Bloch describes his work at the Harvard Computation Laboratory for Howard Aiken on the Mark I.
* [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=35 Oral history interview with Robert V. D. Campbell] at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Campbell discusses the contributions of Harvard and IBM to the Mark I project.

References