William Le Lacheur

Infobox Person
name= William Le Lacheur

200px
caption=
quotation=
birth_date= birth date|1802|10|15|df=y
birth_place= Guernsey, Channel Islands
dead=dead
death_date=death date and age|1863|6|27|1802|10|15|df=y
death_place= London, United Kingdom
occupation = Merchant and Shipowner
spouse = Rachel de Jersey
parents = Jean Le Lacheur and Marie Suzanne (née Allez)
children =
website = [http://www.williamlelacheur.com]

William Le Lacheur (born 15 October 1802 Forest, Guernsey, Channel Islands, died 27 June 1863, London), was a Guernsey Sea Captain, who played an important role in the economic and spiritual development of the Central American country of Costa Rica.

Le Lacheur is widely credited in Costa Rica as having transformed the economy of this Central American country by establishing a direct regular trade route for Costa Rican coffee growers to the European market, thereby helping to establish the Costa Rican coffee trade.

Biography

Early life

William Le Lacheur was born on 15 October 1802 and was baptised "Guillaume Le Lacheur" (using the French version of the forename) in the parish church of the Forest, Guernsey on 31 October by his parents Jean Le Lacheur and Marie Suzanne (née Allez). He was named after his grandfather, Guillaume Allez, who was also one of his godparents.

Little is known of his education and upbringing. At a young age, he went to sea, working his way up to become the captain of his first ship, "St George" in 1827.

William married Rachel de Jersey (1798–1882) in parish church of the Forest, Guernsey on 19 May, 1828. They had five children:-

* Rachel de Jersey Le Lacheur (1832–1867)
* Emma Le Lacheur (1842–?)
* Amelia Le Lacheur (1834–1891) married Thomas Bull Allen
* John Allez Le Lacheur (1838–?) married Lydia Judith Domaille
* Louisa Maria Le Lacheur (1840–?) married Benjamin Abbot Lyon, founder of Banco Lyon, Costa Rica

Costa Rica coffee trade

In 1830 he entered the Azores fruit trade with the ship "Minerva". By 1836, he had formed a company Le Lacheur & Co, which owned two ships: "Minerva" & "Dart". Over the following years, he continued to add to his fleet, and seek out new markets. In 1841, Le Lacheur took delivery of the barque "Monarch". The Monarch was a much larger vessel capable of journeys further afield. During a stop at the port of Mazatlan, on the Pacific coast of Mexico, he learnt from the British Consul of the difficulty that the Costa Rican coffee growers were having in finding a market for their produce.

Since their independence in 1821, Costa Rica found no regular trade routes for their coffee and European markets. This was compounded by transportation problems. The coffee-growing areas were located in the central part of the country, and it was impossible, because of the mountains and the rainy forest, to send the coffee to the Caribbean Sea and therefore to the Atlantic. It was a lot easier to ship the coffee to a Pacific port, Puntarenas, and to sail around Cape Horn to the Altlantic. It was before the Caribbean railway from San José to the Caribbean and the Panama Canal were built.

William saw a business opportunity, and agreed with Costa Rican coffee growers to establish a regular service to carry their coffee to London. In 1843, the "Monarch" arrived in the Costa Rican port of Puntarenas, and loaded the first cargo of nearly 5,000 bags of coffee.

The venture was a success, and he began increasing the size of his fleet to accommodate the increasing demand for coffee in London. During the rest of the 1840s, he diverted his other ships from the fruit trade to the coffee trade. Then starting in 1850 he commissioned the construction of five ships designed especially for the coffee trade. During the 1860s, a further seven ships were added to the fleet.

Contribution to Cost Rica

In addition to his contribution to the Costa Rican economy through establishing trade routes, Le Lacheur made a significant impact on the development of a number of other aspects of Costa Rica.

Religious life

Le Lacheur, a devout Christian, was appalled by what he described "the lowest form of the Roman faith" being practised where superstition took precedence over true religion. Through the British and Foreign Bible Society, he obtained and distributed Spanish Language bibles, thereby introducing Protestant faith into Costa Rica. As a result he distributed 3,500 bibles in Costa Rica, and was presented with an inscribed Imperial Quarto Bible by the Bible Society in recognition of his achievements.

In 1864, the year after Le Lacheur's death, it was resolved to build the first Protestant church in Costa Rica. It was made of pre-fabricated iron, was carried to Costa Rica by Le Lacheur's son John and was assembled in San José as the "Church of the Good Shepherd". It became unofficially known as the 'Iron Church'. When it was rebuilt in 1937 with more traditional materials, a memorial plaque was erected to Le Lacheur with an inscription which includes the phrase ' "by whose exertions public Protestant worship was established in this Republic" '.

Education

Once Le Lacheur had established a fleet of ships that were regularly making journeys between Costa Rica and London, he arranged with several Costa Rican families to take their sons to England for their education. This has been cited as a contributing factor to Costa Rica's economic success.

This arrangement was also responsible for the introduction of the game of football to Costa Rica. Through this Le Lacheur has also been credited with contributing to Costa Rica national team qualifying for the 2002 FIFA World Cup [Vargas-Araya, Armando, "El mundo es un balón - William Le Lacheur y la introducción del fútbol a Costa Rica", La República (San José) [http://www.larepublica.net/] , 11 June 2002 ("in Spanish")] .

Defence

When William Walker, an American filibuster, attempted to invade Costa Rica in 1856, the Costa Rican government declared war. However, the march from the Costa Rican military base in San José to the northern border was an arduous one. Le Lacheur put his ships at the disposal of the Costa Rican military commanders to transport the army up the coast to the border so that they would arrive fit and ready to fight. As a result, they successfully repelled the filibusters. [ [http://www.anywherecostarica.com/articles/costa-rica-history/the-william-walker-episode.htm The William Walker Episode ] ]

Memorials

He is buried in Highgate Cemetery in London.

There is a Memorial to "Captain William Le Lacheur of Guernsey" in the Church of the Good Shepherd, San José, Costa Rica.

Postage stamps have been issued commemorating his achievements by both his native Guernsey (1997) and Costa Rica (1963).

ee also

* History of Guernsey
* History of Costa Rica

External links

* [http://www.williamlelacheur.com William Le Lacheur] - Guernsey Museums website
* [http://www.costaricamap.com/ing/aboutcafe.html History of Costa Rican Coffee]
* [http://www.reformiert-online.net/weltweit/33_eng.php Overview of the Worldwide Reformed Church - Costa Rica]
* [http://www.abc.fi.cr/historia.pdf Historia de la banca comercial en Costa Rica] "(in Spanish)"

References

* Sharp, EW, "A Very Distinguished Guernseyman - Captain William Le Lacheur", Transactions of La Société Guernesiaise [http://www.societe.org.gg] , 1976
* Marr, LJ, "More Guernsey People", Guernsey Society [http://www.guernsey-society.org.uk/] , 1981

Persondata
NAME= Le Lacheur, William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Merchant and Shipowner
DATE OF BIRTH= 15 October, 1802
PLACE OF BIRTH= Guernsey, Channel Islands
DATE OF DEATH=27 June, 1863
PLACE OF DEATH= London, United Kingdom