Gopherus

Taxobox
name = "Gopherus"

---

image_width = 250px
image_caption = Florida Gopher Tortoise, "Gopherus polyphemus"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Sauropsida
ordo = Testudines
subordo = Cryptodira
superfamilia = Testudinoidea
familia = Testudinidae
genus = "Gopherus"
genus_authority = Rafinesque, 1832
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = 4 species, see article.

"Gopherus" is a genus of tortoises commonly referred to as gopher tortoises. The gopher tortoise is grouped with land tortoises that originated 60 million years ago, in North America. A genetic study has shown that their closest relatives are in the Asian genus "Manouria".cite journal
last = Le
first = M.
authorlink =
coauthors = Raxworthy, C. J., McCord, W. P., Mertz, L.
title = A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae} based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes
journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
volume = 40
issue =
pages = 517-531
publisher =
location =
date = 2006-05-05
url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WNH-4JWFGYC-1&_user=4430&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059594&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4430&md5=17737ababb8f6b572a3a44a520001dc6
doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003
id =
accessdate = ] The gopher tortoises live in the southern United States from California's Mojave desert across to Florida, and in parts of northern Mexico. Gopher tortoises are so named because of their ability to dig large, deep burrows that can be up to convert|40|ft|m in length and convert|10|ft|m in depth. [ [http://www.gophertortoisecouncil.org/ Gopher Tortoise Council ] ] Their burrows are also used by a number of other species, which is what makes gopher tortoises so important to the ecosystem. Gopher tortoises can grow on average to around a foot long and can weigh around 29 pounds. The gopher tortoise lives in habitats of longleaf pine sandhills, xeric oak hammocks, scrub, pine flatwoods, dry prairies, and coastal dunes. However, the gopher tortoise is now listed as a threatened or endangered species, because of the rapid depletion of their habitat from land development.

Diet

Gopher tortoises are mainly herbivores that feed on low growing plant life. Their diet consists mostly of grasses and legumes. [ [http://www.gophertortoise.org/ The Gopher Tortoise Organization ] ] Gopher tortoises are scavengers and will also feed on small berries, fruits and dead animals or excrements. Gopher tortoises are rarely seen drinking from still water. Most of the water gopher tortoises consume comes from with in the food they eat.

Breeding

Gopher tortoises usually mate during the months of April and May. The female will then choose either a sunny spot near by or a sandy mound in front of her burrow to lay between 3 to 15 eggs. The eggs then hatch from 70 to 100 days later. Once hatched the baby tortoises spend most of their time in their mother's burrow until they learn to dig their own. They do not reach maturity until they are around 10 to 15 years old, and their shell measures in length to be about 9 inches. [http://www.uga.edu/srel/gopher.htm]

Genus

There are currently four recognized species in the genus "Gopherus":

Genus "Gopherus":
* California Desert Tortoise, "Gopherus agassizii" (Cooper, 1863)
* Texas Tortoise, "Gopherus berlandieri" (Agassiz, 1857)
* Mexican Gopher Tortoise or Bolson Tortoise, "Gopherus flavomarginatus" (Legler, 1959)
* Florida Gopher Tortoise, "Gopherus polyphemus" (Daudin, 1802)

References

* [http://www.gophertortoisecouncil.org/]
* [http://www.gophertortoise.org/]
* [http://www.uga.edu/srel/gopher.htm]