- Wohlwill process
The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine
gold to a high degree of purity (99.999%). The process was invented in 1874 byEmil Wohlwill . This electrochemical process involves casting a doreingot of 95%+ gold to serve as ananode . Lower percentages of gold in the anode will interfere with the reaction, especially when the contaminating metal is silver or one of theplatinum group elements. Thecathode (s) for this reaction are small sheets of pure (24k) gold sheeting. Current is applied to the system, andelectricity travels through theelectrolyte solution ofgold chloride andhydrochloric acid . Gold and other metals are dissolved at the anode, and pure gold (coming from the dissolved gold chloride) is plated onto the gold cathode. When the anode is dissolved, the cathode is removed and melted or otherwise processed in the manner required for sale or use. The resulting gold is 99.999% pure, and of higher purity than gold produced by the other commonrefining method, theMiller process , which produces gold of 99.95% purity.The Wohlwill process is necessary for highest purity gold applications, and when lower purity gold is required refiners often utilize the Miller process due to its relative ease, quicker turnaround times, and because it does not require a large inventory of gold, in this case
gold chloride , on site at all times.A variant of the Wohlwill process is the fizzer cell. In a fizzer cell, the decaying anode is surrounded by a ceramic cell through which Electric current can pass, but dissolved ions cannot. To recover gold from a fizzer cell, one removes the gold chloride laden solution and selectively precipitates the gold using a selective reducing agent such as ferrous sulfate, hydrazine which is highly dangerous and explosive, or other lixiviants. A fizzer cell which utilizes a carbon rod instantly introduces contaminants into the solution. Carbon rods through which electrical current passes, begin to break down immediately upon application of current. This perceptibly worsens contamination of cell over time.
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