- Lekë Dukagjini
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Lekë III Dukagjini
Prince of Dukagjin
Prince of Dukagjin Reign 1438-1444 Predecessor Pal II Dukagjini Successor Skanderbeg Head of the League of Lezhë Reign 1468-1479 Predecessor Skanderbeg Successor Post Abolished Dynasty Dukagjini Father Pal II Dukagjini Born 1410
Principality of DukagjiniDied 1481 (aged 71) Religion Roman Catholic Lekë III Dukagjini (1410–1481) was an Albanian prince who fought against the Ottoman Empire. A contemporary of Skanderbeg, Dukagjini is known for the Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit, a code of law instituted in northern Albania.
Contents
Biography
Lekë Dukagjini place of birth is uknown. By the time he took over the ruling of the county from his father Prince Pal Dukagjini in 1446, Dukagjini had gained knowledge, inspired by European Renaissance humanism, of towns such as Venice, Ragusa and Shkodër.
Dukagjini fought under the command of Skanderbeg against the Ottomans during the last two years of the legendary war of Skanderbeg. During times of peace they also fought against one another, as Albanian loyalties came and went during that period of their history. Lekë Dukagjini ambushed and killed Lekë Zaharia Altisferi, prince of Dagnum. The two princes had been in dispute over who should marry Irene Dushmani. Irene was the only child of Lekë Dushmani, prince of Zadrima. In 1445, the Albanian princes had been invited to the wedding of Skanderbeg's younger sister, Mamica, who was being married to Muzaka Thopia. Irene entered the wedding and hostilities began.[1] Dukagjini asked Irene to marry him but Zaharia, drunk, saw this and assaulted Dukagjini. Some princes attempted to stop the fight, but only more people became involved, resulting in several deaths until peace was established.[2][3] Neither of the two antagonists had suffered any physical damage, but after the event Dukagjini was morally humiliated. Two years later, in 1447, in an act of revenge, Dukagjini ambushed and killed Zaharia.
The death of Zaharia left his princedom with no successor, resulting in his mother handing the fortress over to Venetian Albania, a stretch of possessions of the Republic of Venice.[4][5][6] When Skanderbeg tried (unsuccessfully) to capture Dagnum in 1447 which began the Albanian–Venetian War (1447–1448).
Dukagjini continued to fight with limited success against the Ottoman Empire, carrying on as the leader of the Albanian resistance after the death of Skanderbeg, until 1479. At times his forces united with the Venetians with the blessing of the Pope.
Legacy
Overshadowed by the legend of Skanderbeg, Dukagjini is most well-known for the set of laws ruling the highlands of northern Albania, known as the Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit. Whilst identifying Skanderbeg as the "dragon prince" who dared to fight against any foe, chronicles portray Dukagjini as the "angel prince" who, with dignity and wisdom, ensured the continuity of the Albanian identity.
The set of laws were active in practice for a long time, but it was not gathered and codified until the late 19th century by Shtjefën Gjeçovi.[7][8] The most infamous laws of Kanuni are those regulating blood feuds. Blood feuds have started once again in northern Albania (and have since spread to other parts of Albania, and even to expatriates abroad) after the fall of communism in the early 1990s, having been outlawed for many years during the regime of Enver Hoxha, and contained by the relatively closed borders.
Dukagjini's military success against the Ottomans was never extremely successful; he also lacked the ability to unite the country and the Albanian people in the way that Skanderbeg had. Loyalties wavered, and splintered, betrayals were common, and Albania fell into complete submission to the Ottomans by the end of the 15th century.
Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
Main article: KanunOvershadowed by the legend of Skanderbeg, Dukagjini is most well-known for the set of laws ruling the highlands of northern Albania, known as the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini.
See also
References
- ^ Francione 2003, p. 61
- ^ Francione 2003, p. 62
- ^ Hodgkinson 1999, p. 83
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 557
- ^ Franco p. 84.
- ^ Hodgkinson 1999, pp. 83–84
- ^ De Waal, Clarissa (2005). Albania today: a portrait of post-communist turbulence. Centre for Albanian Studies. I.B.Tauris. p. 72. http://books.google.gr/books?id=V3KAqH9jkZ4C&pg=PA72&dq=kanun+illyrian#v=onepage&q=kanun%20illyrian&f=false.
- ^ Cook, Bernard (2001). Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 0815340575. http://books.google.com/books?id=ox_gXq2jpdYC&pg=PA22&dq=kanun+Illyrians#v=snippet&q=already%20existing%20oral%20Illyrian%20laws&f=false. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
Categories:- 1410 births
- 1481 deaths
- Albanian monarchs
- Albanian people
- Albanian Roman Catholics
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