Sp1

:"See also SP1".

Sp1 is a human transcription factor involved in gene expression in the early development of an organism. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDA [See [http://www.expasy.org/uniprot/P08047 UniProtKB entry] ] . The full protein sequence can be found banked in the NCBI homepage, with the accession number NP_612482. The SP1 transcription factor contains a zinc finger protein motif, by which it binds directly to DNA and enhances gene transcription. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys₂/His₂ type and binds the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element). It was discovered in 1983 and has since been modified to form Sp1C, which has a zinc finger protein DNA binding domain.

In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region(RR) of the genome.

References

Further reading

*PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Tseng L, Gao J, Mazella J, "et al." |title=Differentiation-dependent and cell-specific regulation of the hIGFBP-1 gene in human endometrium. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=828 |issue= |pages= 27–37 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9329821 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Dyson N |title=The regulation of E2F by pRB-family proteins. |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=12 |issue= 15 |pages= 2245–62 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9694791 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhang Y, Dufau ML |title=Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes. |journal=J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. |volume=85 |issue= 2-5 |pages= 401–14 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12943729 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kino T, Pavlakis GN |title=Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 193–205 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15142377 |doi= 10.1089/104454904773819789
*cite journal | author=Seelamgari A, Maddukuri A, Berro R, "et al." |title=Role of viral regulatory and accessory proteins in HIV-1 replication. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=9 |issue= |pages= 2388–413 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15353294 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Le Rouzic E, Benichou S |title=The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle. |journal=Retrovirology |volume=2 |issue= |pages= 11 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15725353 |doi= 10.1186/1742-4690-2-11
*cite journal | author=Kamine J, Chinnadurai G |title=Synergistic activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter by the viral Tat protein and cellular transcription factor Sp1. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=66 |issue= 6 |pages= 3932–6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1583736 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, "et al." |title=The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7. |journal=Genomics |volume=11 |issue= 1 |pages= 168–73 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1662663 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gumucio DL, Rood KL, Blanchard-McQuate KL, "et al." |title=Interaction of Sp1 with the human gamma globin promoter: binding and transactivation of normal and mutant promoters. |journal=Blood |volume=78 |issue= 7 |pages= 1853–63 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1912570 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kamine J, Subramanian T, Chinnadurai G |title=Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 19 |pages= 8510–4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1924310 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Courey AJ, Holtzman DA, Jackson SP, Tjian R |title=Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1. |journal=Cell |volume=59 |issue= 5 |pages= 827–36 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2512012 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Harrich D, Garcia J, Wu F, "et al." |title=Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=63 |issue= 6 |pages= 2585–91 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2657100 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jackson SP, Tjian R |title=O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: implications for mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. |journal=Cell |volume=55 |issue= 1 |pages= 125–33 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3139301 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kadonaga JT, Carner KR, Masiarz FR, Tjian R |title=Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. |journal=Cell |volume=51 |issue= 6 |pages= 1079–90 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3319186 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhang R, Min W, Sessa WC |title=Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter. Sp1 and GATA factors are necessary for basal transcription in endothelial cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 25 |pages= 15320–6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7541039 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hagen G, Dennig J, Preiss A, "et al." |title=Functional analyses of the transcription factor Sp4 reveal properties distinct from Sp1 and Sp3. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 42 |pages= 24989–94 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7559627 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Datta PK, Raychaudhuri P, Bagchi S |title=Association of p107 with Sp1: genetically separable regions of p107 are involved in regulation of E2F- and Sp1-dependent transcription. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=15 |issue= 10 |pages= 5444–52 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7565695 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Wang L, Mukherjee S, Jia F, "et al." |title=Interaction of virion protein Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with cellular transcription factor Sp1 and trans-activation of viral long terminal repeat. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 43 |pages= 25564–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7592727 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Howcroft TK, Palmer LA, Brown J, "et al." |title=HIV Tat represses transcription through Sp1-like elements in the basal promoter. |journal=Immunity |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 127–38 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7621073 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ferrari N, Desmarais D, Royal A |title=Transcriptional activation of the neuronal peripherin-encoding gene depends on a G + C-rich element that binds Sp1 in vitro and in vivo. |journal=Gene |volume=159 |issue= 2 |pages= 159–65 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7622044 |doi=

External links

*

PBB_Controls
update_page = yes
require_manual_inspection = no
update_protein_box = yes
update_summary = no
update_citations = yes