Yavne

Infobox Israel municipality
name=Yavne


imgsize=
hebname=Hebrew|יַבְנֶה
arname=ياڨني, يبنة
meaning =
founded= 1949
type=city
typefrom=
stdHeb=
altOffSp=
altUnoSp=Jamnia
district=center
population=31,900
popyear=2005
area_dunam=10700
mayor=Zvi Gov-Ari

Yavne ( _he. יַבְנֶה; _ar. ياڨني or يبنة, "Yibnah"; _la. Iamnia; traditional English spelling "Jabneh" or "Jamnia") is a city in the Center District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2004 the city had a total population of 31,800.

History

The Hebrew Bible refers to Yavne as "Yavne'el" (Niv|Joshua|15:11|Joshua 15:11), a border city between the tribal allotments of Dan and Judah. Later, its walls were breached by King Uzziah in his battle against the Philistines (Niv|2Chronicles|26:6|2Chronicles 26:6).

The Romans called the city "Iamnia". After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Rabban Yochanan Ben Zakkai moved the Sanhedrin to Yavne. Shortly thereafter, the Council of Yavne met there, whence Rabbinical Judaism emerged. The Sanhedrin left Yavne for Usha in 80 CE, only to return in 116 CE, before leaving Yavne for good.

The Crusaders called the city "Ibelin" and built a castle there in 1141. Its namesake noble family, Ibelin, was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Ibelin itself was captured by Saladin in 1187.

Present-day Yavne is located on the lands of the former Arab village of Yibna.

Demographics

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2001 the ethnic makeup of the city was Jewish and others, without significant Arab population. See Population groups in Israel. In 2001, the population included 15,800 men and 16,000 women. The ages of city residents were fairly spread out:

*38.5% aged 19 years or younger
*16.7% aged 20 to 29
*18.6% aged 30 to 44
*18.2% aged 45 to 59
*2.1% aged 60 to 64
*5.8% aged 65 years or older

The population growth rate in 2001 was 0.5%. 103 new residents moved to Yavne in that year.

Income

According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 10,910 salaried workers and 966 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is ILS 5,699, a real change of 4.1% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 7,430 (a real change of 1.1%) versus ILS 4,042 for females (a real change of 10.8%). The mean income for the self-employed is 7,631. There are 640 people who receive unemployment benefits and 2,396 people who receive an income guarantee.

Education

According to CBS, there are 16 schools and 7,445 students in the city. They are spread out as 11 elementary schools and 4,037 elementary school students, and 9 high schools and 3,408 high school students. 59.6% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.

Ecomomy

Major companies in Yavne include Aeronautics Defense Systems, Avisar and Orbotech.

port

Maccabi Yavne is the city's major football club. During the 1980s the club played in the top division and in 1985 won the Toto Cup. Today they are in Liga Alef South.

Notable residents

*Aaron Hazaz
*Meir Sheetrit
*Maor Melikson
*The Members Of The Shabak Samech Band

ee also

*List of villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war

External links

* [http://www.yavnecity.co.il/ City website]
* [http://www.telyavne.com Tel Yavne]
* [http://www.yavne.co.il Yavne Portal] he icon