RMS Empress of Britain (1906)

RMS "Empress of Britain" was a transatlantic ocean liner built by Fairfield Shipbuilding at Govan on the Clyde in Scotland in 1905-1906 [The disambiguation date used in this article's title is not the year in which the hull is launched, but rather the year of the vessel's sea trial or maiden voyage.] for Canadian Pacific Steamship (CP). This ship -- the first of three CP vessels to be named "Empress of Britain" [The second of three ships named SS "Empress of Britain" (1931) was built for CP; and the third SS "Empress of Britain" (1956) was also built for CP some years later.] -- regularly traversed the trans-Atlantic route between Canada and Europe until 1922, with the exception of the war years. This "Empress" was distinguished by the Royal Mail Ship (RMS) prefix in front of her name because the British government and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) had decades earlier reached agreement on a contract for subsidized mail service between Britain and Hong Kong via Canada. When not carrying mail, the ship would have been identified as SS "Empress of Britain."Ship List: [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsE.html Description of "Empress of Britain"] ]

History

The "Empress of Britain" was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding in Govan near Glasgow, Scotland. [Johnston, Ian. "Govan Shipyard" in [http://www.shipsmonthly.com/ships/home.htm "Ships Monthly."] June 1985.] She was launched on November 11, 1905. [see above] ]

The 14,189-ton vessel had a length of 458.8 feet, and her beam was 65.7 feet. The ship had two funnels, two masts, twin screws and an average speed of 18-knots. The ocean liner provided accommodation for 310 first-class passengers and for 470 second-class passengers. There was also room for 730 third-class passengers. [see above] ]

The SS "Empress of Britain" left Liverpool on May 5, 1906 on her maiden voyage to Quebec. Thereafter, she was scheduled to sail regularly back and forth on the trans-Atlantic route. [see above] ] In the early days of wireless telegraphy, the call sign established for the "Empress of Britain" was "MPB." [Trevent, Edward. (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=6xxIAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA13&dq=SS+Empress+of+China "The A B C of Wireless Telegraphy: A Plain Treatise on Hertzian Wave Signalling," p. 13.] ]

On her second voyage, the "Empress of Britain" made the west-bound trip from Mouville to Rimouski in five days, 21 hours, 17 minutes -- a new record, [Musk, George. (1981). [http://books.google.com/books?id=iWoTAAAAYAAJ&q=ss+empress+of+britain&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr=&pgis=1 "Canadian Pacific: The Story of the Famous Shipping Line," p. 162.] ] which was a credit to her Captain, J.A. Murray, and to her ship-builders. [Great Britain Meteorological Office. (1913) [http://books.google.com/books?id=yxoIAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA137&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr= "Report," p. 137.] ] Both the "Empress of Britain" and her sister ship, the ill-fated RMS "Empress of Ireland" were the fastest ships making the trans-Atlantic run at the time. In 1914, the "Empress of Ireland" sank in the St. Lawrence River with great loss of life. [see above] ]

Much of what would have been construed as ordinary, even unremarkable during this period was an inextricable part of the ship's history. In the conventional course of trans-Pacific traffic, the ship was sometimes held in quarantine if a communicative disease was discovered amongst the passengers. Similarly, it would have been expected, for example, that the ship would notify authorities in Halifax that one passenger had died from pneumonia en route to Canada from Europe. [Dept. of Agriculture, Canada. (1910). [http://books.google.com/books?id=JFZJAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA67&dq=ss+empress+of+britain#PRA2-PA67,M1 "Report of the Minister of Agriculture for Canada," p. 67.] ]

Less than two weeks after disaster struck the RMS "Titanic" in the North Atlantic, the Empress of Britain also stuck an iceberg on April 26, 1912; but the reported damage was only slight. [____________. (1913) [http://books.google.com/books?id=tBkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA142&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr=#PRA3-PA142,M1 "The American Library Annual: 1913," p. 143.] ]

On July 27, 1912, the "Empress of Britain" rammed and sank the SS Helvetia in fog off Cape Magdelene in the estuary of the St Lawrence River. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D05EEDC123CE633A2575AC2A9619C946396D6CF&scp=1&sq=ss+Empress+of+Britain&st=p "Liner Sinks Collier; Turns Back to Port; Empress of Britain Cuts Helvetia in Two In a Fog on the St. Lawrence,"] "New York Times. July 29, 1912.]

World War I

In 1914 she was re-fitted to become one of the Admiralty's Armed merchantmen. She joined Admiral Stoddart's squadron in the South Atlantic. She later patrolled between Cape Finisterre and the Cape Verde Islands. [see above] ]

In May 1915, she was recommissioned as a troop transport and carried more than 110,000 troops to the Dardanelles, Egypt and India. She also carried Canadian and US expeditionary forces across the North Atlantic. [see above] ]

On December 12, 1915, while passing through the Straits of Gibraltar, she collided with and sank a Greek steamer. [see above] ]

Post-war years

The end of the War in Europe meant a change for the "Empress of Britain." Reports of the arrival and departure of the "Empress of Britain" were published in the New York Times in December 1918, but the Liverpool-New York route was not long-lasting. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9404E2D61239E13ABC4153DFB4678383609EDE&oref=slogin "Shipping and Mails,"] "New York Times." December 9, 1918.] By March 1919, she resumed the Liverpool-St.John, New Brunswick service for one round-trip voyage. Then the vessel was then converted from coal to oil fuel and her passenger accommodations were modernised. On January 9, 1920, she returned to active service on the Liverpool-Quebec crossings. [see above] ]

In October 1922, the "Empress" begin sailing on the Southampton-Cherbourg-Quebec route. [see above] ]

Montroyal

In 1924, the ship was re-named the SS "Montroyal". Her accommodations were altered to carry 600 cabin passengers and 800 third-class passengers. On April 19, 1924, She was returned to service sailing on the Liverpool-Quebec route. [see above] ]

In 1926, her accommodations were again altered to carry cabin, tourist and 3rd class passengers. She completed eight round-trip voyages in that year. In 1927, the ship was transferred to the Antwerp Southampton-Cherbourg-Quebec route. [see above] ]

The "Montroyal" commenced her final voyage from Antwerp on September 7, 1929. Including this last voyage, she had completed 190 round-trip crossings of the North Atlantic. [see above] ]

On June 17, 1930, she was sold to the Stavanger Shipbreaking Co. and was scrapped. The owner of the Sola Strand Hotel bought the lounge from the shipbreakers and incorporated it into his hotel as the Montroyal Ballroom. The beautiful woodwork is still a feature of this building which now houses the Norwegian School for Hotel Management. [see above] ]

Notes

References

* Dept. of Agriculture, Canada. (1910). [http://books.google.com/books?id=JFZJAAAAMAAJ&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Report of the Minister of Agriculture for Canada."] Ottawa: S.E. Dawson (King's Printer).
* Great Britain Meteorological Office. (1913) [http://books.google.com/books?id=yxoIAAAAIAAJ&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "Report."] London: Darling & Son (HM Stationery Office).
* Musk, George. (1981). [http://books.google.com/books?id=iWoTAAAAYAAJ&q=ss+empress+of+britain&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr=&pgis=1 "Canadian Pacific: The Story of the Famous Shipping Line."] Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. 10-ISBN 0-715-37968-2
* ____________. (1913) [http://books.google.com/books?id=tBkDAAAAYAAJ&dq=ss+empress+of+britain&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 "The American Library Annual: 1913."] New York: Publishers Weekly.
* Trevent, Edward. (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=6xxIAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=SS+Empress+of+China&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 "The A B C of Wireless Telegraphy: A Plain Treatise on Hertzian Wave Signalling."] Lynne, Massachusetts: Bubier Publishing.

ee also

* CP Ships
* List of ocean liners
* List of ships in British Columbia
* More Ships Built in Govan

External links

* Great ocean liners: [http://www.greatoceanliners.net/empressofireland.html RMS "Empress of Britain"]
* Great ships: [http://www.greatships.net/empressbritain1.html RMS "Empress of Britain"]
* Ships List: [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsE.html Description, RMS "Empress of Britain"]