Prisoner of conscience

Prisoner of conscience (POC) is a term coined by the human rights group Amnesty International in the early 1960s. It can refer to anyone imprisoned because of their race, religion, color, language, sexual orientation, belief, or lifestyle so long as they have not used or advocated violence. It also refers to those who have been imprisoned and/or persecuted for the non-violent expression of their conscientiously-held beliefs.

On 28 May 1961, the article "The Forgotten Prisoners" launched the campaign 'Appeal for Amnesty 1961' and first defined a 'prisoner of conscience'. [ [http://www.amnestyusa.org/about/observer.html London office to gather facts ] ]

The primary goal for this year-long campaign, founded by the English lawyer and recent Catholic convert Peter Benenson and a small group of writers, academics and lawyers, particularly the Quaker peace activist Eric Baker, was to identify individual 'prisoners of conscience' around the world and then campaign for their release. In early 1962 the campaign had received enough public support to become a permanent organization and was renamed 'Amnesty International'.

Under British law, Amnesty International was classed as a political organisation and therefore excluded from tax-free charity status. [cite book |last=Hopgood |first=Steven |title=Keepers of the Flame: The Understanding Amnesty International |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2006 |pages=70] To work around this, the ‘Fund for the Persecuted’ was established in 1962 to receive donations to support prisoners and their families. The name was later changed to the 'Prisoners of Conscience Appeal Fund' and is now a separate, independent charity. [ [http://www.prisonersofconscience.org/ Prisoners of Conscience Appeal Fund ] ]

Amnesty International has, since its founding, pressured governments to release those persons it considers to be prisoners of conscience. [ [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1977/amnesty-history.html Amnesty International - History of Organization ] ] [ [http://web.amnesty.org/pages/aboutai-timeline-1960s-eng Amnesty International ] ] Governments, conversely, tend to deny that the specific prisoners identified by Amnesty International are, in fact, being held on the grounds Amnesty claims and possess a genuine threat to the security of their country.Fact|date=February 2007

The phrase is now widely used in political discussions to describe a political prisoner, whether Amnesty International has specifically adopted an individual's case or not. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4360193.stm BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | Freed China prisoner reaches US ] ]

ee also

* Amnesty International
* "Closet Land"
* Political prisoner;People:
* Sanjar Umarov
* Aung San Suu Kyi
* Chia Thye Poh
* Woo Yong Gak
* Karpal Singh

References

*

External links

* [http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-316/index&start=121 Amnesty International resource about prisoners of conscience]
* [http://www.prisonersofconscience.org/ Prisoners of Conscience Appeal Fund]
* [http://www.amnestyusa.org/Individuals_at_Risk/Urgent_Action_Network/page.do?id=1108104&n1=3&n2=34&n3=66 Amnesty International Urgent Action Network]