Bowman's Hill Tower

Bowman's Hill Tower, (also known as Bowman's Tower), is a 125 foot tall stone tower. It is located in Washington Crossing Historic Park in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It is administered by the Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission. The tower was built on Bowman's Hill, which is on the dividing line between the Upper Makefield Township,and Solebury Township.

The tower

Construction on Bowman's Hill Tower tower began in 1929 and was completed in 1931.cite web | title=Bowman's Hill Tower | url=http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/visit/bowman.htm | accessdate=2008-02-06] It stands 125 feet tall and its base measures 24 feet on a side. The tower was constructed from native stone quarried from Bowman's Hill and nearby stone fences. Quarries in Lumberville, Pennsylvania and Lawrenceville, New Jersey provided cut stone to be used for the sills and balustrades. Over 2,400 tons of materials were used in its construction, including; 1,200 perch of stone, 517 tons of sand and 225 tons of cement. In order to provide a solid foundation for the tower, the base was excavated 15 feet (4.57 m). The labor for the construction was provided by employees of the Washington Crossing Park Commission. Including labor, the tower cost $100,000 to build.cite web | title=Bowman's Hill Tower | url=http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/visit/bowman.htm | accessdate=2008-02-06] By 1934 the Tower was struck many times by lightning which resulted in the installation of a lightning protection system by the National Lightning Protection Company of St. Louis, Missouri. During the 1930s the Civil Works Administration and the Works Progress Administration planted over 28,300 seedlings in an effort to reforest the area. A large number of erosion control measures were taken to include the setting of large numbers of rocks and boulders. Additionally, they created two vistas from the tower to the Delaware River, one on the north side of the hill and the other on the southeast side. In the 1980s the tower was extensively restored and an elevator was installed. Previously visitors climbed an open stone spiral staircase to the observation point at the top of the tower. The elevator goes 3/4's of the way to the top and lets out onto a wooden landing. Visitors must then climb a small and narrow 23 step stone spiral staircase to the tower roof. Additionally, there is a parapet over the final stairs that gives the tower its distinctive look.cite web | title=Bowman's Hill Tower | url=http://www.ushistory.org/washingtoncrossing/visit/bowman.htm | accessdate=2008-02-06]

The park

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania created the Washington Crossing Historic Park in 1917, and then established the Washington Crossing Park Commission to administer and develop the park in 1919. The park also contains the Thompson Neely House.The Bowman's Hill Tower Preserving is now a self sufficient non profit organization operating completely independent from both the park commission and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The name

There is no definitive source for the name Bowman, however there are four main theories:
# The original name was "Beau Mont" which was paired with "Belle Mont", a similar hill in New Jersey.
# The hill was named for Thomas Bowman, an English merchant who conducted trade up and down the Delaware River in the 1600s.
# the hill was named for a John Bowman, a friend of Jonathan Pidcock, the first settler in the area. Pidcock's farm was located in the northeast end of the hill, from which Revolutionary War soldiers encamped on the farm, then owned by a Robert Thompson. They used the hill as a vantage point in which they could observe British troop movements along the Delaware River.
# Refers to a Doctor John Bowman (possibly the same John Bowman as above), ship's surgeon to Captain Kidd. Dr Bowman was thought to have retired to eastern Pennsylvania after his time at sea and is said to be buried somewhere on the hill. The legend goes on in claiming that pirate treasure may be buried on the hill.

Note: a Burial placard on the hill commemorates a John Pidcock, early settler of the area, and not Dr. Bowman.

The Mine

In 1854, an accident led to the discovery of a mine on the west side of Bowman's hill. It was later excavated in search of copper. The supervising engineer was of the opinion that the mine was originally created by Germans.cite book | last=Davis | first = W. W. H., A.M. | date=1876 | title=The History of Bucks Count, Pennsylvania: from the discovery of the Delaware to the present time | pages=Chapter XVIII | url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/pa/bucksp/davistoc.htm]

The vistas

* To the east, a large American Flag can be seen over an American Revolutionary War cemetery containing the graves of 23 Continental Army soldiers, 22 of them are unknown.
* The Thompson-Neely House, an 18th century stone farmhouse with a gristmill, located down the hill and across the street (River Road) to the east.
* To the northeast, the New Hope-Lambertville Bridge connecting New Hope, Pennsylvania and Lambertville, New Jersey, and the Rt 202 bridge.
* To the south east, Trenton, New Jersey and Morrisville, Pennsylvania.

References