Louis Malle

Infobox actor
name = Louis Malle


birthdate = 30 October 1932
birthplace = Thumeries, Nord, France
deathdate = 23 November 1995 (aged age|1932|10|30|1995|11|23)
deathplace = Beverly Hills, California, USA
spouse = Anne-Marie Deschodt (1965-1967)
Candice Bergen (1980-1995)
yearsactive = 1953-1994
baftaawards = Best Direction
1980 "Atlantic City"
1987 "Au revoir, les enfants"
cesarawards = Best Director
1988 "Au revoir, les enfants"
Best Film
1988 "Au revoir, les enfants"
Best Writing
1988 "Au revoir, les enfants"

Louis Malle (30 October 1932 – 23 November 1995) was a French film director, working in both French and English.

Biography

Early years in France

Malle was born into a wealthy industrialist family in Thumeries, Nord, France. He initially studied political science at the Sorbonne before turning to film studies at IDHEC instead.

He worked as the co-director and cameraman to Jacques Cousteau on the Oscar and Palme d'Or-winning (at the 1956 Academy Awards and Cannes Film Festival respectively) documentary "The Silent World" (1956) and assisted Robert Bresson on "A Man Escaped" (French title: "Un condamné à mort s'est échappé ou Le vent souffle où il veut", 1956) before making his first feature, "Ascenseur pour l'échafaud" (originally released in the U.S. as "Frantic", later as "Elevator to the Gallows") in 1957. A taut thriller featuring an original score by Miles Davis, the film made an international film star of Jeanne Moreau, at the time a leading stage actress of the state Comédie-Française. Malle was 24 years old.

Malle's "The Lovers" ("Les Amants", 1958), which like "Ascenseur pour l'échafaud" starred Moreau, caused major controversy due to its sexual content leading to a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case regarding the legal definition of obscenity. In Jacobellis v. Ohio, a theater owner was fined $2500 for obscenity. It was eventually reversed by the higher court that found that the film was not obscene and hence constitutionally protected. However, the court could not agree on the definition of "obscene," which caused Justice Potter Stewart to utter his "I know it when I see it" opinion, perhaps the most famous single line associated with the court.

Malle is sometimes incorrectly associated with the "nouvelle vague" - his work doesn't fit in or correspond to the auteurist theories that apply to the work of Truffaut, Chabrol, Rohmer, and others, and he had nothing whatsoever to do with Cahiers du cinema. Nonetheless, his film "Zazie dans le métro" ("Zazie in the Metro," 1960, an adaptation of the Raymond Queneau novel) did inspire Truffaut to write an enthusiastic letter to Malle.

Other films also tackled taboo subjects: "The Fire Within" ("Le Feu follet") (1963) centres on a man about to commit suicide, "Murmur of the Heart" (1971) deals with an incestuous relationship between mother and son and "Lacombe Lucien" (1974) is about collaboration with the Nazis in Vichy France in World War II. The second film earned Malle his first (of three) Academy Award nominations for "Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced."

Move to America, Work in English

Malle later moved to the United States and continued to direct there. His later films include "Pretty Baby" (1978), "Atlantic City" (1981), "My Dinner with Andre" (1981), "Crackers" (1984), "Alamo Bay" (1985), "Damage" (1992) and "Vanya on 42nd Street" (1994, an adaptation of Anton Chekhov's play "Uncle Vanya") in English; "Au revoir, les enfants" (1987) and "Milou en Mai" ("May Fools" in the U.S., 1990) in French. It is interesting to note that just as his earlier films such as "Frantic" and "The Lovers" helped popularize French films in the United States, "My Dinner with Andre" was at the forefront of the rise of American independent cinema in the 1980s.

Personal life

Malle was married to Anne-Marie Deschodt from 1965 to 1967. He had a son, Manuel Cuotemoc (born 1971), with German actress Gila von Weitershausen and a daughter Justine (born 1974) with Canadian-born French actress Alexandra Stewart.

He married actress Candice Bergen in 1981. They had two children. a daughter, Chloé Malle, in 1985 and a son, David Bergen Malle, born in 1992. He died at their home in Beverly Hills, California, of lymphoma.

Awards & Nominations

*"Le Monde du silence" (1956)
**Cannes Film Festival Palme D'Or Winner
*"The Lovers" (1958)
**Venice Film Festival Special Jury Prize Winner
*"Le Feu follet" (1963)
**Venice Film Festival Special Jury Prize Winner
**Venice Film Festival Italian Film Critics Award Winner
*"Calcutta" (1969)
**Cannes Film Festival Official Selection
*"Murmur of the Heart" (1971)
**Cannes Film Festival Official Selection
*"Pretty Baby" (1978)
**Cannes Film Festival Technical Grand Prize Winner
*"Atlantic City" (1981)
**Venice Film Festival Golden Lion Winner
*"Crackers" (1984)
**Berlin Film Festival Official Selection
*"Goodbye, Children" (1987)
**Venice Film Festival Golden Lion Winner
**Venice Film Festival OCIC Award Winner

Filmography

Feature Films

*"Lift to the Scaffold" (1958)
**"Ascenseur pour l'échafaud"
*"The Lovers" (1958)
**"Les Amants"
*"Zazie in the Metro" (1960)
**"Zazie dans le métro"
*"A Very Private Affair" (1962)
**"Vie privée"
*"The Fire Within" (1963)
**"Le feu follet"
*"Viva Maria!" (1965)
*"The Thief of Paris" (1967)
**"Le voleur"
**"Spirits of the Dead"
*"Murmur of the Heart" (1971)
**"Le souffle au cœur"
*"Lacombe Lucien" (1974)
*"Black Moon" (1975)
*"Pretty Baby" (1978)
*"Atlantic City" (1981)
*"My Dinner with Andre" (1981)
*"Crackers" (1984)
*"Alamo Bay" (1985)
*"Au revoir, les enfants" (1987)
*"Milou en Mai" (1990)
**"May Fools"
*"Damage" (1992)
*"Vanya on 42nd Street" (1994)

Short Films

*"Crazeologie" (1953)
*"Station 307" (1954)
*"Histoires extraordinaires" (1968) "(segment "William Wilson")"

Documentary Films

*"The Silent World " (1956) "Co-director"
**"Le Monde du silence"
*"Vive le Tour" (1962)
*"Calcutta" (1969)
*"Humain, trop humain" (1974)
*"Place de la république" (1974)
*"Close Up" (1976) "Short"

TV

*"Bons baisers de Bangkok" (1964) "Documentary Short"
*"L'Inde Fantôme" (1969)
**"Phantom India"
*"Dominique Sanda ou Le rêve éveillé" (1977) "Documentary Short"
*"God's Country" (1986) "Documentary"
*"And the Pursuit of Happiness" (1986) "Documentary"

Bibliography

A number of books have been written on Malle and his work. The interview collection "Malle on Malle" was published by Faber in 1992 and revised, after the director's death, in 1996. The definitive biography of the director is only available in French, Pierre Billard's "Louis Malle - Rebelle solitaire" (2003). The study, "Louis Malle", written by Hugo Frey, was published by Manchester University Press in 2004. "The Films of Louis Malle: A Critical Analysis", a detailed critical exploration of Malle's films, written by Nathan Southern and Jacques Weissgerber, was published by McFarland in 2005.

External links

* [http://www.theyshootpictures.com/mallelouis.htm They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?]
*imdb name|id=0001501|name=Louis Malle
* [http://rialtopictures.com/elevator.html/ Rialto Pictures Website] - entry for "Elevator to the Gallows".