Delmore Schwartz

Delmore Schwartz
Delmore Schwartz
Born December 8, 1913(1913-12-08)
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Died July 11, 1966(1966-07-11)
New York City, New York
Occupation Poet
Alma mater New York University
Genres Poetry, fiction
Notable work(s) In Dreams Begin Responsiblities, Summer Knowledge: New and Selected Poems
Notable award(s) Bollingen Prize

Delmore Schwartz was an American poet and short story writer from Brooklyn, New York.

Contents

Biography

Schwartz was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. His parents, Harry and Rose, both Romanian Jews, separated when Schwartz was nine, and their divorce had a profound effect on him. Later, in 1930, another traumatizing event occurred when Schwartz's father suddenly died at the age of 49. Though Harry had accumulated a good deal of wealth from his dealings in the real estate business, Delmore only inherited a few thousand dollars due to the shady dealings of the dishonest executor of Harry's estate. According to Schwartz's biographer, James Atlas, "Delmore continued to hope that he would eventually receive his legacy [even] as late as 1946".[1]

Schwartz spent time at Columbia University and the University of Wisconsin before finally graduating from New York University in 1935. He then went on to do some graduate work in philosophy at Harvard University where he studied with the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, but Schwartz left without receiving a degree and returned to New York.[2] Soon thereafter, he made his parents' disastrous marriage the subject of his most famous short story, "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities" which was published in 1937 in the first issue of Partisan Review.[3] This story and other short stories and poems were collected and released in his first book, also entitled In Dreams Begin Responsibilities, in 1938. The book was well received, and made him a well-known figure in New York intellectual circles. His work received praise from some of the most respected people in literature, and he was considered one of the most gifted writers of his generation. According to James Atlas, Allen Tate responded to the book by stating that, "[Schwartz's] poetic style marked 'the first real innovation we've had since Eliot and Pound.'"[4]

In 1937, he also married his first wife, a book reviewer for Partisan Review, Gertrude Buckman, whom he divorced after six years.

For the next couple of decades, he continued to publish stories, poems and plays, and edited the Partisan Review from 1943 to 1955 as well as The New Republic. In 1948, he married the much younger novelist, Elizabeth Pollet. This relationship also ended in divorce.

In 1959, he became the youngest-ever recipient of the Bollingen Prize, awarded for a collection of poetry he published that year, Summer Knowledge: New and Selected Poems. His poetry differed in many respects from his stories in that it was less autobiographical and more philosophical. His verse would also become increasingly abstract in his later years. He taught creative writing at six different universities, including Syracuse, Princeton, and Kenyon College.

In addition to being known as a gifted writer, Schwartz was considered a great conversationalist and spent much time entertaining friends at the White Horse Tavern in New York City.

Much of Schwartz's work is notable for its philosophical and deeply meditative nature, and the literary critic, R.W. Flint, wrote that Schwartz's stories were, "the definitive portrait of the Jewish middle class in New York during the Depression."[5] In particular, Schwartz emphasizes the large divide that existed between his generation (which came of age during the Depression) and his parents' generation.

He was unable to repeat or build on his early successes later in life as a result of alcoholism and mental illness, and his last years were spent in reclusion at the Columbia Hotel in New York City. In fact, Schwartz was so isolated from the rest of the world that when he died on July 11, 1966 at age 52, of a heart attack, two days passed before his body was identified at the morgue.[2]

Schwartz was interred at Cedar Park Cemetery, in Emerson, New Jersey.[6]

A selection of his short-stories was published posthumously in 1978 under the title In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories and was edited by James Atlas who had written a biography on Schwartz, Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet, just two years prior. Later, another collection of Schwartz's work, Screeno: Stories & Poems, was published in 2004. This collection contained fewer stories than In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories but it also included a brief selection of some of Schwartz's best-known poems like "The Heavy Bear Who Goes With Me" and "In The Naked Bed, In Plato's Cave." Screeno also featured an introduction by the fiction writer and essayist Cynthia Ozick.

Tributes to Schwartz

One of the earliest well-known tributes to Schwartz came from Schwartz's friend, fellow poet Robert Lowell, who published the poem "To Delmore Schwartz" in 1959 (while Schwartz was still alive) in the book Life Studies. In "To Delmore Schwartz," Lowell reminisces about the time that the two poets spent together at Harvard in 1946, writing that they were "underseas fellows, nobly mad,/ we talked away our friends."

One year following Schwartz's death, in 1967, his former student at Syracuse University, the rock musician Lou Reed, dedicated his song "European Son" to Schwartz (although the lyrics themselves made no direct reference to Schwartz).

Then, in 1968, Schwartz's friend and peer, fellow poet John Berryman, dedicated his book His Toy, His Dream, His Rest "to the sacred memory of Delmore Schwartz," including 12 elegiac poems about Schwartz in the book. In "Dream Song #149," Berryman wrote of Schwartz,

In the brightness of his promise,
unstained, I saw him thro' the mist of the actual
blazing with insight, warm with gossip
thro' all our Harvard years
when both of us were just becoming known
I got him out of a police-station once, in Washington, the world is tref
and grief too astray for tears.[7]

The most ambitious literary tribute to Schwartz came in 1975 when Saul Bellow, a one-time protege of Schwartz's, published his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Humboldt's Gift which was based on his relationship with Schwartz. Although the character of Von Humboldt Fleischer is Bellow's portrait of Schwartz during Schwartz's declining years, the book is actually a testament to Schwartz's lasting artistic influence on Bellow.

Lou Reed's 1982 album The Blue Mask included his second Schwartz homage with the song "My House." This song is much more of a tribute to Schwartz than the above-mentioned "European Son" since the lyrics of "My House" are actually about Reed's relationship with Schwartz. In the song, Reed writes that Schwartz "was the first great man that I ever met."

Cultural references

Scott Spencer uses the final six lines of Schwartz's poem “I Am a Book I Neither Wrote nor Read” as an epigraph for his National Book Award nominated novel, Endless Love. The words "endless love" are the final two words of that poem.

In the film Star Trek Generations, the villain Tolian Soran quotes Schwartz's poem “Calmly We Walk Through This April Day”, telling Picard, “Time is the fire in which we burn.”

Published works

Published posthumously

See also

Quill and ink.svg Poetry portal

References

  1. ^ Atlas, James. Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1977. 32
  2. ^ a b Atlas, James. Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1977.
  3. ^ Howe, Irving. Foreword. In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories. By Delmore Schwartz. New York: New Directions, 1978. vii.
  4. ^ Atlas, James. "Introduction." In Dreams Begin Responsibilities and Other Stories. New York: New Directions, 1978.
  5. ^ Flint, R.W. "The Stories of Delmore Schwartz." Commentary, April 1962.
  6. ^ "Sometimes the Grave Is a Fine and Public Place". New York Times. March 28, 2004. 
  7. ^ Berryman, John. "Dream Song #149". His Toy, His Dream, His Rest. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1968.

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Delmore Schwartz — (* 8. Dezember 1913 in Brooklyn, New York; † 11. Juli 1966) war ein US amerikanischer Dichter. Seine erstes veröffentlichtes Werk war die 1937 erschienene Kurzgeschichte In Dreams Begin Responsibilities. Diese und andere Kurzgeschichten und… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Delmore Schwartz — (8 décembre 1913 11 juillet 1966) était un poète américain originaire de Brooklyn, New York. Son œuvre majeure est In Dreams begin Responsibilities. Mentor de Lou Reed qui lui dédia la chanson European Son, Schwartz sombre… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • SCHWARTZ, DELMORE — (1913–1966), U.S. poet, author, and critic. Born in Brooklyn, Schwartz was a member during the 1930s and 1940s of the literary political group centered in the magazines Partisan Review (of which he was editor, 1943–55) and Commentary. In 1938 he… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Schwartz — Relative Häufigkeit des Familiennamens Schwartz in Deutschland (Stand: Mai 2010) Schwartz ist ein Familienname. Er ist eine Nebenform von Schwarz. Inhaltsverzeichnis A B C …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Schwartz — Schwạrtz,   1) [ʃwɔːts], Delmore, amerikanischer Schriftsteller und Kritiker, * New York 8. 12. 1913, ✝ ebenda 11. 7. 1966; gehörte 1943 55 zu den Herausgebern der »Partisan Review«, übte großen intellektuellen Einfluss auf seine Zeitgenossen,… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Schwartz, Delmore — born Dec. 8, 1913, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S. died July 11, 1966, New York, N.Y. U.S. poet, short story writer, and critic. He taught at Harvard and other schools and was an editor of Partisan Review (1943–55). His works include In Dreams Begin… …   Universalium

  • Schwartz — /shwawrts/, n. Delmore /del mawr, mohr/, 1913 1966, U.S. poet, short story writer, and critic. * * * …   Universalium

  • Schwartz — /shwawrts/, n. Delmore /del mawr, mohr/, 1913 1966, U.S. poet, short story writer, and critic …   Useful english dictionary

  • Schwartz, Delmore — (1913 66)    American poet, author and critic. He was born in Brooklyn. He became a member of the literary political group centred on the journals Partisan Review and Commentary. From 1940 to 1947 he taught at Harvard and Princeton universities.… …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • Schwartz, Delmore — (8 dic. 1913, Brooklyn, N.Y., EE.UU.–11 jul. 1966, Nueva York, N.Y.). Poeta, cuentista y crítico estadounidense. Hizo clases en Harvard y en otras universidades y fue editor de la revista Partisan Review (1943–55). Entre sus obras se destacan In… …   Enciclopedia Universal

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”