- Ma Hualong
Ma Hualong (马化龙) (died 1871), a leader of the
Jahriya (also speltJahariyah ) school ofSufism , was a leader in theMuslim Rebellion of theHui people of the thenGansu province. Ma was besieged in the Chinese city ofJinjibao (then in Gansu, now in Ningxia) for sixteen months before surrendering in March 1871 to the Qing GeneralZuo Zongtang . Zuo sentenced Ma and over eighty of his officials to death by slicing.Ma Hualong's grave is in Dongta township of
Lingwu county (灵武市). More than 10,000 people from all over China attended a commemoration ceremony ("ermaili") there in 1985. [ [http://www.drugladney.com/articles/tombs.pdf Dru C. Gladney, "Muslim Tombs and Ethnic Folklore: Charters for Hui Identity"] "Journal of Asian Studies", August 1987, Vol. 46 (3): 495-532.]References
* [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0097-7004(198407)10%3A3%3C285%3AEAPIRC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F Jonathan N. Lipman, "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu"] "Modern China", Vol. 10, No. 3 (Jul., 1984), pp. 285-316. (JSTOR)
*Jonathan N. Lipman, "Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China (Studies on Ethnic Groups in China)", University of Washington Press (February 1998), ISBN 0295976446. (Searchable text available on Amazon.com)
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:81851 The mausoleum of Ma Hualong] Photo made ca. 1936 by Claude C. Pickens. This photo, and many related photos, in the proper context can be found by going to the [http://via.harvard.edu:9080/via/deliver/advancedsearch?_collection=via Harvard University Library Visual Information Access] site, and entering "Pickens" and "Ma Hualong" in the first two of the search boxes.
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