Kingston Penitentiary

Kingston Penitentiary (known locally as KP and Kingston Pen) is a maximum security prison located in Kingston, Ontario between King Street West and Lake Ontario.

Originally constructed in 1833–1834, and officially opened on June 1, 1835 as the "Provincial Penitentiary of the Province of Upper Canada," it is one of the oldest prisons in continuous use in the world. It is often referred to as "Alcatraz North". Kingston Penitentiary is one of nine prisons in the Kingston area which range from low-security facilities to the maximum-security facilities Kingston Penitentiary and Millhaven Institution (which was initially built to replace Kingston Pen).The penitentiary's western wall adjoins the Portsmouth Olympic Harbour, which hosted the sailing events for the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Immediately across the road to the north is the now closed Kingston Prison for Women (now part of Queen's University), officially opened on January 24, 1934 to take female prisoners who had originally been housed in segregated quarters in the main facility.

On April 14, 1971, a riot at Kingston Penitentiary lasted four days and resulted in the death of two inmates and destruction of much of the prison. Security was substantially increased and prison reforms were instituted. From 1971 - 1981, the penitentiary served as Corrections Canada's Ontario Region Reception Centre. Today the facility houses between 350 and 500 inmates, plus another 120 at R.T.C. (the Regional Treatment Centre) contained within the prison. Every inmate is given an individual cell.

On April 30 1997 Kingston Penitentiary was designated a National Historic Site.

Escapes

In 1999, prisoner Ty Conn escaped from within the prison; although this feat had been accomplished on at least 26 occasions beginning in 1836, Conn was the first to succeed since 1958. Conn's body was found in Toronto: he died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound while speaking on the telephone to a producer from the CBC.

Infamous inmates

Kingston Penitentiary has been home to many of Canada's most dangerous and notorious criminals. James Donnelly, patriarch of the infamous Black Donnellys, was sentenced to be hanged on September 17, 1859, for the murder of Patrick Farrell. A petition for clemency started by his wife Johannah saw his sentence reduced to seven years in Kingston Penitentiary.

Notable current inmates include Paul Bernardo, and formerly, Clifford Olson, Roger Caron and Grace Marks. Wayne Boden, the Canadian "Vampire Rapist" died there in March 2006. Tim Buck, leader of the Communist Party, was a political prisoner at Kingston convicted under section 98 of the criminal code during the early 1930s. An attempt was made to murder him when shots entered Buck's cell. It was later found that the shots came from guard weapons. The Prison is considered "the dumping ground for Canada's worst inmates" and almost all are protective custody inmates, who cannot function or live in other institutions due to their crimes. The institution is the most violent in Canada with frequent assaults on staff and inmates.Fact|date=September 2007 The Penitentiary has several internal armed control posts, as well as armed towers and armed gate posts.

Research Service

Located directly across from Kingston Penitentiary, Canada's Penitentiary Museum houses most of the historical records of that institution as well as other historical Canadian penitentiaries. The Penitentiary Museum also houses the only Penitentiary Research Service in Canada, which can be reached through the museum's website.

See also

*List of fallen Canadian correctional workers

External links

* [http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/facilit/institutprofiles/kingston_e.shtml Official website]
* [http://www.penitentiarymuseum.ca/index.htm Canada's Penitentiary Museum site]