Bandon (UK Parliament constituency)

UK former constituency infobox
Name = Bandon
Type = Borough
Year = 1801
Abolition = 1885
members = One

Bandon (sometimes called Bandon Bridge or Bandonbridge) was a former United Kingdom Parliament constituency, in Ireland. It was one of the borough constituencies, which had had two representatives in the Parliament of Ireland before 1801. The area retained one member after the union, until the borough was disenfranchised in 1885.

Boundaries

This constituency was the parliamentary borough of Bandon in County Cork.

In 1832 a new boundary was formed for electoral purposes closely encircling the town, and comprising an area of 439 acres. The exact definition, contained in the Parliamentary Boundaries (Ireland) Act 1832 (c. 89 2& 3 Will. 4), was as follows.

"From the Point at which the Eastern Road to Macroom leaves the old or Northern Road to Cork, in a straight Line in a Westerly Direction, to the North-western Corner of Mr. Swanson's Garden; thence along the Wall of the said Garden to the South-western Corner thereof; thence in a straight Line across the River Bandon, and across the Enniskane Road, to the Point at which the old Road to Clonakilty is joined by a Bye Road which runs thereto from the new Road to Clonakilty; thence along the said Bye Road to the Point at which the same joins the new Road to Clonakilty; thence towards Bandon, along the new Road to Clonakilty, to that Point thereof which is nearest to the Northern Pillar of the Gate of Mr. M'Creight's House; thence in a straight Line to the said Northern Pillar; thence in a straight Line across the centre Kilbritten Road to the Point at which the Eastern Kilbritten Road is joined by a small Bye Road running Westward to the Fields, about Three hundred and thirty Yards to the South of the Point at which the Eastern Kilbritten Road leaves the Innishannon Road; thence in a straight Line to the Southern Corner, on the Ballinade Road, of the Premises of Mr Ormond's Distillery; thence, Eastward, along the Boundary of the Premises of Mr. Ormond's Distillery to the Point at which the same meets the Southernmost Road to Innishannon; thence in a straight Line across the River Bandon to the Point at which the old Innishannon Road is joined by a Bye Road which runs North-west in the Direction of the Kilbrogan Chapel; thence in a straight Line to the Northern Pillar of a Gateway on the old Cork Road, about Four hundred and thirty Yards to the North of the Point at which the same leaves the Innishannon Road; thence in a straight Line to the Point first described."

History

The borough, which existed as a local government unit until it was abolished by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, had an oligarchic constitution.

The corporation of the borough was formally known as "The Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Bandon-Bridge" and consisted of a provost, 12 burgesses, and an unlimited number of freemen. The common council, a body not mentioned in the borough charter, was constituted by a by-law of the corporation made in 1621. It consisted of twelve members, who were elected from the freemen by the corporation at large, as vacancies arose. The burgesses were chosen from the common council, on vacancies occurring, by the provost and burgesses. The provost was elected annually from and by the burgesses at Midsummer. The provost entered upon his office at Michaelmas. The freedom was acquired by birth for the eldest son of a freeman, and nomination of the provost, who during the year of his office had the privilege of naming one. The freemen were elected by a majority of the body at large assembled in a court of D'Oyer Hundred; neither residence nor any other qualification was considered necessary.

Before 1832 the Parliamentary franchise for this constituency was extremely restricted. Only the provost (who was the returning officer for the borough) and the twelve burgesses were enfranchised. The population of the town, in 1821, was 10,179. All the elections in this period were unopposed returns; except for one election in 1831, where only ten voters participated and eleven votes were cast (including the returning officer's casting vote).

Stooks Smith gives an account of this contested election. It was the second by-election of 1831. As his book is out of copyright, the whole passage is set out below.

"This election took place on 22nd July. After the Provost, (John Swete, Esq.) had been sworn, the Hon. W.S. Bernard rose, and without preface or remark, proposed Sir Augustus William Clifford, Kt., (the Duke of Devonshire's nominee) as a fit and proper representative for the borough of Bandon in Parliament; John Leslie, Esq., seconded the proposition. The Rev. Somers Payne then rose and proposed Viscount Lowther to the burgesses; the Rev. Richard Meade seconded the nomination. By way of "ruse", or pairing off, Viscount Bernard was proposed by John Beamish, Esq., and seconded by Ambrose Hikey, Esq., two gentlemen of opposite opinions.

No other candidate being proposed, the Town Clerk asked the Provost for whom he would vote, in his official capacity? This was objected by Mr. Meade and Mr. Payne, who stated that, though a long time connected with the Corporation, they never knew this line of proceeding to be adopted. This was overruled by the assessor, who quoted in support of his opinion, an election case in the borough of Harwich, decided by a majority in the House of Commons. This point disposed of, the polling commenced, when the numbers were declared as follows.

* For Sir A. W. Clifford, 4 (Hon. William Smyth Bernard, Hon. Richard Boyle Bernard, John Leslie, Esq., John Swete, Esq.)
* For Viscount Lowther, 4 (W.H. Kingston, Esq., Rev. Richard Meade, Rev. Somers Payne, Benjamin Swete, Esq.)
* For Viscount Bernard, 2 (John Beamish, Esq., Ambrose Hickey, Esq.)

The Provost, as returning officer, then gave his vote for Sir A.W. Clifford, who was about to be duly elected, when Mr. Payne said, I object to the monopoly of the Provost, He has no right to more than one vote. The assessor (A. Connell, Esq.):- We shall take your objection if you state it in writing. A protest was then entered by Mr. Payne and those who voted for Viscount Lowther; and Sir A.W. Clifford was declared duly elected."

In 1832, when the franchise was expanded to add the £10 householders to the electorate and the registration of voters was introduced, there were 266 registered electors and 233 votes were cast in the general election.

It appears, from the list of MPs and the report of the 1831 election, that the choice of the borough electorate both before and after 1832 was influenced by aristocratic patrons like the Duke of Devonshire and the Bernard family (whose head had the title of Earl of Bandon). If a Bernard was not elected then quite prominent political figures, notably the future Whig leaders George Tierney and Lord John Russell, were sometimes returned for the borough.

In 1868 the incumbent Bernard MP was defeated by William Shaw, standing in the Liberal interest. Later in his career Shaw was an associate of Isaac Butt in the Home Rule League. After Butt's death in 1879, Shaw became the parliamentary leader of Irish Nationalism until he was replaced by Charles Stewart Parnell in 1880.

The constituency was disenfranchised in 1885. The area was then represented in Parliament as part of one of the divisions of County Cork.

Members of Parliament

Elections

Election box begin
title=By-Election 22 July 1831: BandonElection box candidate with party link
party = British Whig Party
candidate = Sir Augustus William James Clifford
votes = 5
percentage = 45.45
change = "N/A"Election box candidate with party link
party = Tory Party
candidate = William Lowther, Viscount Lowther
votes = 4
percentage = 36.36
change = "N/A"Election box candidate with party link
party = Tory Party
candidate = Francis Bernard, Viscount Bernard
votes = 2
percentage = 18.18
change = "N/A"Election box majority
votes = 1
percentage = 9.09
change = "N/A"Election box turnout
votes = 11 (10 voters)
percentage = 76.92
change = "N/A"Election box Registered electors
reg. electors = 13Election box gain with party link
winner = British Whig Party
loser = Tory Party
swing = "N/A"
* "Note (1831 (July): Clifford was elected on the Returning Officer's casting vote."

Election box begin
title=General Election 15 December 1832: BandonElection box candidate with party link
party = Conservative Party (UK)
candidate = Hon. William Smyth Bernard
votes = 133
percentage = 57.08
change = "N/A"Election box candidate with party link
party = Liberal Party (UK)
candidate = Jacob Biggs
votes = 100
percentage = 42.92
change = "N/A"Election box majority
votes = 33
percentage = 14.16
change = "N/A"Election box turnout
votes = 233
percentage = 87.59
change = "N/A"Election box Registered electors
reg. electors = 266Election box gain with party link
winner = Conservative Party (UK)
loser = British Whig Party
swing = "N/A"

External links

* [http://www.libraryireland.com/topog/b3.php Part of the "Library Ireland: Irish History and Culture" website containing the text of "A Topographical Directory of Ireland", by Samuel Lewis (a work published by S. Lewis & Co of London in 1837) including an article on Bandon]

References

*"The Parliaments of England" by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), 2nd edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
*"Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922", edited by B.M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978)