Spirit Cave mummy

Spirit Cave mummy

The Spirit Cave mummy is the oldest human mummy found in North America. It was discovered in 1940 in Spirit Cave, thirteen miles east of Fallon, Nevada by the husband-and-wife archaeological team of Sydney and Georgia Wheeler.

The Wheelers, working for the Nevada State Parks Commission, were surveying possible archaeological sites to prevent their loss due to guano mining. Upon entering Spirit Cave they discovered the remains of two people wrapped in tule matting. One set of remains, buried deeper than the other, had been partially mummified (the head and right shoulder). The Wheelers, with the assistance of local residents, recovered a total of sixty-seven artifacts from the cave.

These artifacts were examined at the Nevada State Museum where they were estimated to be between 1,500 and 2,000 years old. They were deposited at the Nevada State Museum’s storage facility in Carson City where they remained for the next fifty-four years.

In 1994 University of California, Riverside anthropologist R. Erv Taylor examined seventeen of the Spirit Cave artifacts using mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the mummy was approximately 9,400 years old — older than any previously known North American mummy. Further study determined that the mummy exhibits Caucasoid characteristics resembling the AinuFact|date=January 2008, although a definitive affiliation has not been established. There is also a possible link to Polynesians and Australians that is stronger than to any Native American culture.1

The new findings were published by the Nevada State Museum on April 24, 1996, and drew immediate national attention.

Update - Craniometric Analysis Suggests Mummy Closest to Norse Europeans, followed by Ainu

A complete reading of the final report on Spirit Cave Mummy's cultural/racial affiliation (via craniometric analysis - Jantz and Owsley) suggested, "Their analysis showed the Spirit Cave cranium closest to “Norse” and “Ainu. It should be noted that the probability for Norse was 0.00084, with Ainu an even lower probability.”" (pg 39 from BLM document sourced below).

Source: Bureau of Land Management (Nevada State Office) report by Pat Barker, Ph.D., Cynthia Ellis, M.A., and Stephanie Damadio, Ph.D. July 2006. DETERMINATION OF CULTURAL AFFILIATION OF ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINSFROM SPIRIT CAVE, NEVADA. Source: [http://www.nv.blm.gov/cultural/spirit_cave_man/spirit_cave_man2.htm]

1. "Spirit Cave Man: Biological Aspects" by Dr. Stephanie M. Damadio, National Curator, Bureau of Land Management, Washington D.C., Reference to two craniometric studies by Jantz and Owsley. See pages 11-12. The full report is available at: [http://www.nv.blm.gov/cultural/spirit_cave_man/spirit_cave_man2.htm]

External links

* [http://news.rgj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS/60508001&theme=SPIRITCAVEMAN&template=theme Spirit Cave Man series from the Reno Gazette-Journal]
* [http://www.archaeology.org/9609/newsbriefs/nevada.html Oldest North American Mummy by Lara J. Asher, "Archaeology", Volume 49 Number 5, September/October 1996]
* [http://www.digonsite.com/drdig/mummy/9.html Ask Dr. Digg: Oldest Mummy]


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