Salami slicing

Salami slicing is a series of many minor actions, often performed surreptitiously, that together results in a larger action that would be difficult or illegal to perform at once. The term is typically used pejoratively.

An example of salami slicing, also known as penny shaving, is the fraudulent practice of stealing money repeatedly in extremely small quantities, usually by taking advantage of rounding to the nearest cent (or other monetary unit) in financial transactions. It would be done by always rounding down, and putting the fractions of a cent into another account. The idea is to make the change small enough that any single transaction will go undetected. [cite web|url=http://cybercrime.planetindia.net/frequently_used.htm|title=Frequently Used Cyber Crimes] [cite web|url=http://all.net/CID/Attack/papers/Salami2.html|title=Salami Attacks]

In information security, a salami attack is a series of minor attacks that together results in a larger attack. Computers are ideally suited to automating this type of attack.

In politics, the term salami tactics has been used since the 1940s to refer to a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition.

In academia, salami slicing refers to the practice of creating several publications out of material that could have been published in a single journal or review. (See also least publishable unit).

alami slicing attacks

In 2008 a man was arrested for fraudulently creating 58,000 accounts which he used to collect money from online brokerage firms a few cents at a time. [cite news|url=http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/201252/hacker-takes-50000-a-few-cents-at-a-time.html|title=Hacker takes $50,000 a few cents at a time|date=2008-05-28|publisher=PC Pro]

In Los Angeles in October 1998, the district attorneys charged four men with fraud for allegedly installing computer chips in gasoline pumps that cheated consumers by overstating the amounts pumped. [ [http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/sec/2002/01467137.html Salami fraud ] ]

In January 1993, four executives of a rental-car franchise in Florida were charged with defrauding at least 47,000 customers using a salami technique.Fact|date=June 2008

In fiction

Film and television

Salami slicing has played a key role in the plots of several films, including "Superman III", "Hackers", and "Office Space" (one of whose characters mentions "Superman III" as inspiration). In "Office Space", Peter Gibbons, Michael Bolton, and Samir Nagheenanajar decide to divert the supposedly "rounded-off" portions of banking interest deposits after Michael and Samir learn that they will be laid off. However, they end up taking much more than the fractions of a cent because of a misplaced decimal point. In reality, currency banking transactions are usually conducted using integer-only functions; no real rounding occurs on the books (as all operands are stored and manipulated as groups of integers, with the decimal point calculated at the end of the transaction and stored as a separate piece of data), precluding this particular scenario.

Woody Allen joked that as a young man he stole a loaf of bread one slice at a time from a bakery at which he worked. After a crisis of conscience, he broke into the bakery to try to return the loaf but was caught red-handed.

In the TV series "M*A*S*H", Radar attempts to ship an entire Jeep home from Korea one piece at a time.

In the anime series, "", terrorist Hideo Kuze uses salami slicing in order to finance his actions, eventually stealing enough money to buy plutonium from a Russian smuggler.

Music

The term is used in the country song "The Ballad of Silicon Slim". A non-digital variant of the practice is described in the Johnny Cash song, "One Piece At A Time", in which the protagonist, an automobile factory worker, steals individual parts to build a complete car over a period of decades.

Literature

An example of salami slicing also appears in a volume of Harry Harrison's "Stainless Steel Rat" series. The revolutionaries in Robert A. Heinlein's "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" use the technique to fund their war for independence. Thomas Whiteside's 1978 book, "Computer Capers", documents how a programmer at a mail-order company diverted money from rounded-down sales commissions into a phony account for three years before he was caught.

The webcomic Questionable Content also made use of salami slicing when Hannelore was auditing records for her mother's apparently lucrative business and found someone had modified the software to "correct" for a non-existent rounding error, allowing them to take the resulting $6 million excess. [cite web|url= http://questionablecontent.net/view.php?comic=994|title=Questionable Content 994: The Voice of Reason]

ee also

* Salami tactics
* Smurfing

External links

* [http://www.cs.bgsu.edu/maner/ethicomp95/keynote3-THE.html#Heading15 How computers enable salami slicing to occur]
* [http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/sec/2002/01467137.html A "Network World" article] discussing salami fraud, with several examples

References