Earl of Warwick

Earl of Warwick (pronounced "Worrick") is a title that has been created four times in British history and is one of the most prestigious titles in the peerages of the British Isles.

1088 creation

The medieval earldom created in 1088 was held to be inheritable through a female line of descent, and thus was held by members of several families. It was traditionally associated with possession of Warwick Castle. The heraldic device of the Earls of Warwick, the bear and ragged staff, is believed to derive from two legendary Earls, Arthal and Morvidus. Arthal is to mean "bear", while Morvidus was to have slain a giant "with a young ash tree torn up by the roots."^[1]

The first Earl of Warwick was Henry Beaumont, younger son of Roger, count of Meulan and brother to Robert, 1st earl of Leicester. This family was also known as de Bellomont, de Novo Burgo and de Newburgh. Henry changed his named to de Newburgh, after his home in Normandy (Castle de Neubourg). Hutchins, John, The History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, Vols. 1-4,1815.

Henry became constable of Warwick castle in 1068 and Earl in 1088 as reward for his support for the king during the Rebellion of 1088.

The title passed through several generations of the Beaumont family until Thomas, the 6th earl, died in 1242 without a male heir. The earldom then went to his sister Margaret and her husbands and on her death to her cousin William Maudit.

When he died also without a male heir the title passed to his daughter Isabel and her husband William Beauchamp and thence her son William, who became 9th earl.

During this period the earldom and the Beauchamps were elevated to the highest levels until Henry, the 14th earl was created Duke of Warwick with precedence over all except the Duke of Norfolk.

This precedence was disputed however and with Henry’s death in 1445, also without male heir, the dukedom was extinguished. The earldom went to his infant daughter, and on her death a few years later passed to Henry's sister Anne and her husband Richard Neville, who became 16th earl and was known to history as "Warwick the Kingmaker".

After Richard Neville’s death the title was created for his son-in-law, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, husband of Neville's eldest daughter Isabella Neville, on 25 March 1472.^[2] It then passed to Richard and Anne’s grandson Edward, son of George, Duke of Clarence, and with his death in 1499 the title became extinct.

1547 creation

The title was next conferred upon the powerful statesman and soldier John Dudley, 1st Viscount Lisle. He had already been created Viscount Lisle in right of his deceased mother, Elizabeth Grey, in 1543, and was made Earl of Warwick in the Peerage of England in 1547. In 1551 he was further honoured when he was created Duke of Northumberland. In January 1553 Parliament passed the earldom to his eldest son John, the second Earl. He died young in 1554, and having been attainted along with his father in August 1553, the title became extinct until it was revived in 1561 for his younger brother Ambrose, the third Earl. He served as Master-General of the Ordnance and Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire. On his death in 1590 the earldom became extinct.

1618 creation

Robert Rich,
2nd Earl of Warwick

The title was re-created when Robert Rich, 3rd Baron Rich, was made Earl of Warwick in 1618. This was despite the fact that the Rich family were not in possession of Warwick Castle (this was in the hands of the Greville family; see the 1759 creation below). His second son the Hon. Henry Rich was created Baron Kensington in 1623 and Earl of Holland in 1624. Lord Warwick was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented Maldon in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex.

His eldest son, the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament for Essex. He died without surviving male issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, the fourth Earl. He represented Sandwich and Essex in Parliament. On his death the line of the second Earl of Warwick failed and the titles were inherited by his first cousin Robert Rich, 2nd Earl Holland, who became the fifth Earl of Warwick as well. He was the son of the aforementioned Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, younger son of the first Earl of Warwick (see the Earl of Holland for earlier history of this branch of the family). This line of the family failed on the early death of his grandson, the seventh Earl, in 1721. The late Earl was succeeded by his second cousin Edward Rich, the eighth Earl. He was the grandson of the Hon. Cope Rich, younger son of the first Earl of Holland. On his death in 1759 all the titles became extinct.

Lady Mary Rich, daughter of the first Earl of Holland, married Sir John Campbell, 5th Baronet, who was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681. Also, Lady Elizabeth Rich, only daughter and heiress of the fifth Earl of Warwick and second Earl of Holland, married Francis Edwardes. Their son William Edwardes succeeded to parts of the Rich estates and was created Baron Kensington in the Peerage of Ireland in 1776

1759 creation

Warwick Castle

The title was again re-created when Francis Greville, 8th Baron Brooke was made Earl of Warwick in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1746 he had been created Earl Brooke, of Warwick Castle, in the Peerage of Great Britain. The earldom of Warwick created in 1618 for a member of the Rich family became extinct in September 1759, and in November of the same year Lord Brooke was created Earl of Warwick, re-uniting the earldom and Warwick Castle for the first time in over a century. In 1767 the Earl petitioned the House of Lords for permission to use just the more prestigious title and style of "Earl of Warwick" only, with the precedence of 1746. Such permission was never granted but the Earls nevertheless ceased to use the Brooke earldom in style, and have always been known (except in the House of Lords) simply as The Earl of Warwick.

The Earl was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented Warwick in Parliament and served as a Lord of Trade and as Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire. His eldest son from his second marriage, the third Earl, sat as Member of Parliament for Warwick and held minor office in the second administration of Sir Robert Peel. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire. He was succeeded by his son, the fourth Earl. He represented Warwickshire South in the House of Commons. His eldest son, the fifth Earl, was Conservative Member of Parliament for Somerset East and served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex. As of 2007 the titles are held the latter's great-great-grandson, the eighth earl, who succeeded his father in 1996.

Another member of the Greville family was the Liberal politician Fulke Southwell Greville-Nugent, 1st Baron Greville. He was a descendant of the fifth Baron Brooke.

Earls of Warwick; First creation (1088)

Coat of arms of the 11th Earl

Coat of arms of "Warwick the Kingmaker"

• Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick (c. 1048–1119)
• Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick (c. 1102–1153), son of Henry
• William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick (before 1140–1184), son of Roger
• Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick (1153–1204), son of Roger
• Henry de Beaumont, 5th Earl of Warwick (c. 1195–1229), son of Waleran
• Thomas de Beaumont, 6th Earl of Warwick (1208–1242), son of Henry
• Margaret de Beaumont, 7th Countess of Warwick (d. 1253), daughter of Henry (5th)
  • John Marshal, jure uxoris, 7th Earl of Warwick (d. 1242)
  • John du Plessis, jure uxoris 7th Earl of Warwick (d. 1263)
• William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick (c. 1220–1268), grandson of Waleran
• William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick (c. 1240–1298), great-grandson of Waleran
• Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick (d. 1315), son of William (9th)
• Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick (d. 1369), son of Guy
• Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (c. 1339–1401), son of Thomas (11th)
• Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1382–1439), son of Thomas (12th)
• Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (1425–1446), son of Richard
• Anne de Beauchamp, 15th Countess of Warwick (1443–1449), daughter of Henry
• Anne de Beauchamp (1426–1492), daughter of Richard
  • Richard Neville, jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick (1428–1471) ("Warwick the Kingmaker")
• Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick (1475–1499), grandson of Anne (16th)

Earls of Warwick; Second creation (1547)

• John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, 1st Earl of Warwick (1504–1553)
• John Dudley, 2nd Earl of Warwick (c. 1527–1554)
• Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick (c. 1530–1590)

Barons Rich (1537)

• Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich (c. 1496–1567)
• Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich (c. 1538–1581)
• Robert Rich, 3rd Baron Rich (d. 1619) (created Earl of Warwick in 1618)

Earls of Warwick; Third creation (1618)

• Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick (d. 1619)
• Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick (1587–1658)
• Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick (1611–1659)
• Charles Rich, 4th Earl of Warwick (1619–1673)
• Robert Rich, 5th Earl of Warwick, 2nd Earl of Holland (1620–1675)
  • Henry Rich, Lord Kensington (1642–1659)
• Edward Rich, 6th Earl of Warwick, 3rd Earl of Holland (1673–1701)
• Edward Henry Rich, 7th Earl of Warwick, 4th Earl of Holland (1697–1721)
• Edward Rich, 8th Earl of Warwick, 5th Earl of Holland (1695–1759)

Earls of Warwick; Fourth creation (1759); also Earls Brooke (1746)

• Francis Greville, 1st Earl of Warwick, 1st Earl Brooke (1719–1773)
• George Greville, 2nd Earl of Warwick, 2nd Earl Brooke (1746–1816)
  • George Greville, Lord Brooke (1772–1786)
• Henry Richard Greville, 3rd Earl of Warwick, 3rd Earl Brooke (1779–1853)
• George Guy Greville, 4th Earl of Warwick, 4th Earl Brooke (1818–1893)
• Francis Richard Charles Greville, 5th Earl of Warwick, 5th Earl Brooke (1853–1924)
• Leopold Guy Francis Maynard Greville, 6th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl Brooke (1882–1928)
• Charles Guy Fulke Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, 7th Earl Brooke (1911–1984)
• David Robin Francis Guy Greville, 8th Earl of Warwick, 8th Earl Brooke (1934–1996)
• Guy David Greville, 9th Earl of Warwick, 9th Earl Brooke (b. 1957)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Charles Fulke Chester Greville, Lord Brooke (b. 1982)

Line of succession

1. Charles Fulke Chester Greville, Lord Brooke (b. 1982) (elder son of the 9th Earl)
2. Rudolf Maxwell Greville (b. 2003) (younger son of the 9th Earl)

See also

• Duke of Northumberland (1551 creation)
• Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick
• Baron Willoughby de Broke
• Baron Greville
• Earl of Holland
• Earl of Breadalbane and Holland
• Baron Kensington

Other uses

• Earl of Warwick was one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives that were built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915.

References

1. ^ Stephen Turnbull: The Book of the Medieval Knight, Arms and Armour, 1995, ISBN 1854092642, p. 160
2. ^ Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 136.

• Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
• www.thepeerage.com