Azoic Age

Azoic Age, Azoic Age, Azoic Era, Azoic Period and Azoic Eon were terms used before 1950 to describe the age of rocks formed before the appearance of life in the geologic sequence. The word "Azoic" is derived from the Greek "a-" meaning without and "zoön" meaning animal (or living being), it was first used to mean "without life". [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC59550973&id=QjwDAAAAQAAJ Dana, James Dwight (1863) "Manual of geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American geological history, for the use of colleges, academies, and schools of science" T. Bliss & Co., Philadelphia, p.130] ;] [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC05748523&id=bGOJ5XQNKc0C&q=azoic&dq=azoic&pgis=1 Wilmarth, M. Grace (1925) "The Geologic Time Classification of the United States Geological Survey Compared with Other Classifications" United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC, pp 18, 20] ;]

Azoic was used as early as 1846 by a geologist named Adams, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00271845&id=36cPAAAAIAAJ&q=azoic&dq=azoic&pgis=1 Leith, Charles Kenneth and Van Hise, Charles Richard (1909) "Pre-Cambrian Geology of North America" United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC, p.58] ;] and gradually replaced the earlier term "Primitive". Due to the controversy over evolution, "Azoic" was replaced, by 1900, in most usages by the term "Archaean" or "Archaeozic". [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00271845&id=36cPAAAAIAAJ&q=azoic&dq=azoic&pgis=1 Leith, Charles Kenneth and Van Hise, Charles Richard (1909) "Pre-Cambrian Geology of North America" United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC, p.61] ;] The Archaean was later subdivided into the Archaean and the even earlier Hadean. Many of the rocks that had originally been thought to be of Azoic time were reclassified as Archaean, but the period itself is now essentially the Hadean.

Dana in 1863, said that the Azoic "stands as the first [age] in geologic history, whether science can point out unquestionably the rocks of that age or not." He went on to say that when fossils had been found in strata which had previously been classified as Azoic, the boundary was simply moved lower. "Such changes are part of the progress of the science." [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC59550973&id=QjwDAAAAQAAJ Dana, James Dwight (1863) "Manual of geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American geological history, for the use of colleges, academies, and schools of science" T. Bliss & Co., Philadelphia, p.134] ;]

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