Andrew Foster (educator)

Infobox Person
name = Andrew J. Foster


caption=Teacher, founder of the first school for the deaf in Africa.
birth_date=birth date|1925|12|26|mf=y
birth_place=Ensley, Alabama
dead=dead
death_date=death date and age|1987|12|3|1925|12|26|mf=y
death_place=Rwanda, Africa

Andrew Jackson Foster (1925 - 1987) was a missionary to the Deaf in Africa from 1956 until his death in 1987. He became the first Black Deaf person to earn a bachelor's degree from Gallaudet College and the first to earn a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. Eventually receiving a Master's Degree from Seattle Pacific Christian College, he founded Christian Mission for Deaf Africans in 1956, and set for Liberia, Africa.

Personal life

Andrew Foster was born in Ensley, Alabama, the son of a coal miner, he and his younger brother became deaf through spinal meningitis in 1936. Educational opportunities for African Americans in that era prevented him from achieving more than a sixth-grade education. At the age of sixteen, he moved to Detroit, Michigan to live with his aunt and attended Bethany Pembroke church where he later committed his life to the call of Christ. He completed high school at Michigan School for the Deaf.

In 1961 Andrew was married to Berta, a German, and together they have 5 children. Gallaudet College awarded him an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters in 1977 for his accomplishment.

Deaf Education in Africa

There Foster encountered cultures so oppressive of deaf people that parents often hid their deaf children at home or abandoned them altogether. Hearing missionaries told him that deaf children didn't even exist in Africa. But he found deaf children and established schools for them.

The challenges for deaf ministry in central and west Africa were two-fold: not only were there no churches for the deaf in the most populous regions of Africa, but there were no schools for the deaf. Consequently, the deaf were completely illiterate. The most a deaf person could hope for was to become the family servant and use rudimentary signs invented by the family. In remote villages, some deaf children were thought to be cursed by demons and abandoned to be eaten by wild animals.

Goal and Success

Foster began his work in 1956 by convincing school officials to let him use their classrooms after hours to teach the deaf. In Ghana he found a public school willing to allow him to teach the deaf, and within months the school had a waiting list of over 300 families wanting to send their deaf children to his school. As the deaf began to become literate, Foster would supplement their education with trade skills, and, most importantly, teach Christianity lessons. Foster convinced existing churches and missions to expand their ministry to include the deaf.

After staying on as the administrator of the school for three years, Foster moved on to Nigeria to repeat the successes he had seen in Ghana. It was in Ibadan, Nigeria, that he would eventually set up his headquarters and create a teacher-training facility as he continued to expand his work to over thirty countries in the West and Central regions of Africa. His work included schools, Sunday schools, churches, youth camps and teacher-training facilities reaching tens of thousands of deaf-teaching many of them not only their own names, but additional to the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

During 30 years of service Dr. Andrew Foster founded 31 schools and 2 centerscite web
title = CMD Statistics
url=http://www.cmdeaf.org/stats/stats.asp | accessdate = 2007-12-28 ] , successively in Ghana, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Togo, Chad, Senegal, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire (presently Democratic Republic of Congo), Burkina Faso, Burundi and Gabon. About the same number of Sunday Schools and churches were established in those countries, and also in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Congo and Guinea. For much of his life Dr. Andrew Foster spent six months of the year in Africa establishing schools and the other six months in the United State raising money to support these schools.

In 1977, the name was changed to Christian Mission for the Deaf.

Accident and Posthumously

Andrew Foster was killed at age 62 in an airplane accident in Rwanda, Africa on December 3, 1987. On October 22, 2004, Gallaudet University dedicated an auditorium in Andrew Foster's name, calling him the "Father of Deaf Education in Africa." National Black Deaf Advocates-Andrew Foster Scholarship established for Black Deaf students that are attending Gallaudet University.

Today

While some of the schools are still supported by Christian Mission for the Deaf, it has been Foster's goal to open them and turn them over to others to operate (usually the national government). This allows Christian Mission for the Deaf to focus on evangelistic efforts, open schools, Sunday schools, camps and ministry centers in the continent of Africa. Some of the following schools and ministries have closed due to civil war and tribal unrest.

Media

Deaf Mosaic segment - Episode #404 of the Gallaudet University-produced Deaf Mosaic had a tribute to Andrew Foster.
* [http://www.dcmp.org/Catalog/TitleDetail.aspx?ID=7925 Described and Captioned Media Program] "registration required", physical loan for classroom setting.
* [http://videocatalog.gallaudet.edu/player.cfm?video=1643 Gallaudet University Video Library Catalog] , online viewing available.

See also

* Education in Africa
*Deafness for a comparison of the medical, disability and cultural models of deafness.
*Deaf culture
*American Sign Language

External links

* [http://www.cmdeaf.org Website of Christian Mission for the Deaf]
* [http://www.gallaudet.edu/x582.xml Gallaudet University Financial Aid Office]
* [http://deafness.about.com/cs/blackdeafpeople/a/andrewfoster.htm Biography of Andrew Foster in About.com]
* [http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2779/Andrew_Foster_Moses_for_the_Black_deaf___]

References

* [http://www.plymouthbrethren.org/page.php?page_id=5126 Missionary Biographical Sketch of Andrew Jackson Foster]
* [http://www.cmdeaf.org/stats/stats.asp Statistics of Christian Ministry for the Deaf]
* [http://www.nbda.org/scholarships/scholarship_foster.html National Black Deaf Advocates-Andrew Foster Scholarship]