- SMC protein
SMC proteins represent a large family of
ATPases that participate in many aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics.cite journal |author=Hirano T|title=The ABCs of SMC proteins: two-armed ATPases for chromosome condensation, cohesion, and repair|journal= Genes Dev |volume= 16 |issue= 4 |pages= 399–414 |year= 2002| doi = 10.1101/gad.955102 |pmid= 11850403] cite journal |author=Hirano T|title=SMC proteins and chromosome mechanics: from bacteria to humans|journal= Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |volume= 360 |issue= 1455 |pages= 507–14 |year= 2005| doi = 10.1098/rstb.2004.1606 |pmid= 15897176] cite journal |author=Huang CE, Milutinovich M, Koshland D|title=Rings, bracelet or snaps: fashionable alternatives for Smc complexes|journal= Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |volume= 360 |issue= 1455 |pages= 537–42 |year= 2005| doi = 10.1098/rstb.2004.1609 |pmid= 15897179] SMC stands for Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes.pecies distribution
Prokaryotic
SMC proteins are conserved from bacteria to humans. Most bacteria have a single SMC protein in individual species that forms a homodimer. In a subclass of
Gram-negative bacteria includingEscherichia coli , a distantly related protein known as MukB plays an equivalent role.Eukaryotic
Eukaryotes have at least six SMC proteins in individual organisms, and they form three distinct heterodimers with specialized functions:
* A pair of SMC1 and SMC3 constitutes the core subunits of thecohesin complexes involved in sister chromatid cohesion.
* Likewise, a pair of SMC2 and SMC4 acts as the core of thecondensin complexes implicated in chromosome condensation.
* A dimer composed of SMC5 and SMC6 functions as part of a yet-to-be-named octameric complex implicated inDNA repair and checkpoint responses.Each complex contains a distinct set of non-SMC regulatory subunits.
Some organisms have variants of SMC proteins. For instance, mammals have a
meiosis -specific variant of SMC1, known as SMC1β. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans has an SMC4-variant that has a specialized role indosage compensation .tructure
Primary
SMC protein monomers have a modular structure and contain the following domains:
*1) Walker AATP-binding motif
*2)coiled-coil region I
*3) hinge region
*4) coiled-coil region II
*5) Walker B ATP-binding motifTertiary
SMC dimers form a V-shaped molecule with two long
coiled-coil arms, each having an ATP-binding domain at its distal end. The ATP-binding domain of SMC proteins is structurally related to that ofABC transporters , a large family of transmembrane proteins that actively transport small molecules across cellular membranes. It is thought that the cycle of ATP binding andhydrolysis modulates the cycle of closing and opening of the V-shaped molecule, but the detailed mechanisms of action of SMC proteins remain to be determined.Genes
*, Gene|SMC1B, Gene|SMC2, Gene|SMC3, Gene|SMC4, Gene|SMC5, Gene|SMC6
ee also
*
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome References
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