Gale Norton

Infobox US Cabinet official
name=Gale Norton

---

order=48th
title=United States Secretary of the Interior
term_start=January 31, 2001
term_end=March 31, 2006
predecessor=Bruce Babbitt
successor=Dirk Kempthorne
president=George W. Bush
order2=35th
title2=Attorney General of Colorado
term_start2=1991
term_end2=1999
predecessor2=Duane Woodard
successor2=Ken Salazar
birth_date=birth date and age|1954|3|11
birth_place= Wichita, Kansas
death_date=
death_place=
party=Republican

Gale Ann Norton (born March 11, 1954) served as the 48th United States Secretary of the Interior from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. She was the first woman to hold the position.

Early life and career

Norton was born and raised in Wichita, Kansas and graduated "magna cum laude" and Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Denver in 1975 and earned her Juris Doctor degree with honors from the same university in 1978. She is married to John Hughes. In the late 1970s, she was a member of the Libertarian Party and was nearly selected as its national director in 1980. Norton has been associated with a number of groups in the "wise use" or "free-market environmentalist" movement, such as the Property and Environmental Research Center [http://www.perc.org] , of which she is a fellow. She also worked as Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture and, from 1979 to 1983, as a Senior Attorney for the Mountain States Legal Foundation.

Political career

From 1991 to 1999, Norton served as Attorney General of Colorado. Prior to her election as Colorado Attorney General, Norton served in Washington, D.C. as Associate Solicitor of the United States Department of the Interior, overseeing endangered species and public lands legal issues for the National Park Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service.

In 1996, she was a candidate for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate, but was defeated by then-Congressman Wayne Allard. Before being named Interior Secretary in 2001, Norton was senior counsel at Brownstein, Hyatt & Farber, P.C., a Denver-based law firm. The firm was listed with the U.S. Congress as a lobbyist for NL Industries, formerly known as National Lead Company.

In 2004, Norton was mentioned as a possible candidate for the U.S. Senate in her home state of Colorado, after the incumbent, Ben Nighthorse Campbell, decided to retire. However, she ultimately decided against it, and the seat was won by Democrat Ken Salazar.

Norton resigned as Secretary of the Interior in March 2006. She was succeeded by Idaho Governor Dirk Kempthorne.

Retiring from her position as Secretary of the Interior, Gale Norton landed a lavishFact|date=September 2008 position in Royal Dutch Shell Oil company as their Law Advisor, drawing further critics from the environmentalists due to her prior pro-developmentalist position regarding oil drilling and national forests.

Jack Abramoff controversy

Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy (CREA) was [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/27/AR2005082701067_2.html founded] by Norton and Grover Norquist in the 1990s. Jack Abramoff directed his tribal casinos to donate $225,000 to CREA. [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A30274-2005Mar12 Casino Bid Prompted High-Stakes Lobbying] - Susan Schmidt, "Washington Post", March 13, 2005]

In a February 2002 letter to Norton, John Doolittle complained that a Louisiana tribal casino had been wrongly shut down because the Bureau of Indian Affairs refused to recognize a newly elected tribal council. The subsequent new council hired Abramoff's firm after the elections. In June 2003, Doolittle wrote a letter to Norton criticizing the Bush administration's response to a tribal government dispute in Iowa. In October 2003, Doolittle appealed in a letter to Norton for quicker action for a Massachusetts tribe that was seeking federal recognition.

No evidence has been presented suggesting that mailing these letters to Norton had any impact on her or on the Department of the Interior.

Both the Iowa and Massachusetts tribes hired Abramoff's lobbying firm, Greenberg Traurig, in that year. [ [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2006/01/29/national/w092309S59.DTL&type=printable Papers Link GOP Lawmaker, Abramoff Clients] - Erica Werner, "San Francisco Chronicle", January 29, 2006]

Electoral history

*1996 Race for U.S. Senate - Republican Primary
**Wayne Allard (R), 57%
**Gale Norton (R), 43%

Notes

External links

* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/norton-bio.html Official White House biography of Gale A. Norton, 2001-2006]
* [http://www.du.edu/magazine/archive/winter03_04/feature_managing.html University of Denver profile of Gale A. Norton]
* [http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/g/gale_norton.html Collection of Gale Norton quotes]
* [http://www.harpers.org/2001-12-EcceHomo.html A memo written by Gale Norton in 1987 on 'endangered' Humans]
* [http://brownvboard.org/dedication/remarks/norton.php Remarks by Gale Norton at the opening of the Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site]
* [http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_4910177 Gale Norton joining Royal Dutch Shell]
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gale_A._Norton Sourcewatch profile]