Lake Karachay

Lake Karachay ( _ru. Карача́й), sometimes spelled Karachai is a small lake in the southern Ural mountains in western Russia. Starting in 1951 [http://www.kose.ee/nucbasic/nucpedia/uk/lake.htm Lake Karachay ] ] the Soviet Union used Karachay as a dumping site for radioactive waste from Mayak, the nearby nuclear waste storage and reprocessing facility, located near the town of Ozyorsk (then called Chelyabinsk-40).

According to a report by the Washington, D.C.-based Worldwatch Institute on nuclear waste, Karachay is the "most polluted spot" on Earth.Lenssen, "Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away", Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., 1991: 15.] The lake accumulated some 4.44 exabecquerels (EBq) of radioactivity, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/chelyabinsk-65_nuc.htm Chelyabinsk-65 ] ] including 3.6 EBq of Caesium-137 and 0.74 EBq of Strontium-90. For comparison, the Chernobyl disaster released from 5 to 12 EBq of radioactivity, however this radiation is not concentrated in one location.

The radiation level in the region near where radioactive effluent is discharged into the lake was 600 röntgens per hour in 1990, according to the "Washington, D.C."-based Natural Resources Defence Council, [ [http://docs.nrdc.org/nuclear/nuc_01009302a_112b.pdf NRDC (Nuclear Program Staff Publication) nuc_01009302a_112b.pdf ] ] [ [http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/341/3409.html Wise Nc; Soviet Weapons Plant Pollution ] ] more than sufficient to give a lethal dose to a human within an hour.

"If Lake Karachay's radioactive load leaks into the Arctic Ocean, one of the planet's last great wildernesses, it could travel halfway across the globe." [ [http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/russia/contamination.html Sandia National Lab - Advanced Simulation and Computing Contamination Sites] ]

History

Starting in the 1960s, the lake began to dry out; its area dropped from 0.5 km² in 1951 to 0.15 km² by the end of 1993. [http://www.seattle.battelle.org/RussReg/ResourceCenter/MayakChemicalCombine-RussiaPlutonium.htm] In 1968, following a drought in the region, the wind carried radioactive dust away from the dried area of the lake, irradiating half a million people with 185 petabecquerels of radiation.

Between 1978 and 1986 the lake was filled with almost 10,000 hollow concrete blocks to prevent sediments from shifting. The lake, which is now entirely covered by concrete, is referred to in the concept album "One Hour by the Concrete Lake", by Pain of Salvation.The lake also plays a central role in the fiction book The Last Oracle by James Rollins

References

External links

*http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/russia/contamination.html
* [http://www.polar.mephi.ru/ru/conf/2000/6/8.html Lake Karachay - Open-Air Depository for Radioactive Waste] (in Russian)
* [http://www.chelcom.ru/LANG=ru/newspapers/vecherka/archive/17-07-1998/2/2.DOC.shtml Lake Karachay: Reality and Fantasies] (in Russian)
* [http://www.chrab.chel.su/archive/25-07-00/1/A108539.DOC.html Karachay Lake Will Disappear in Five Years] (in Russian)
* [http://nuclearno.ru/text.asp?1421 Radioactive Lake Has Been Practically Annihilated] (in Russian)
* [http://vedomosty.spb.ru/2001/arts/spbved-2409-art-22.html Lake Karachay Has Been Filled Up] (in Russian)
* [http://www.american.edu/TED/ural.htm Ural Mountains Radiation Pollution]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/chelyabinsk-65_nuc.htm Chelyabinsk-65]
* [http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/fissmat/pumayak/nucwaste.htm Mayak Radioactive Waste Facilities]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?om=1&t=k&ie=UTF8&ll=55.662143,60.863228&spn=0.03481,0.11467&z=14 Google Maps Image of the lake]