United States Air Force Memorial

Infobox Military Memorial
name= U.S. Air Force Memorial
body= United States Air Force


caption= Memorial in daylight
commemorates= the service and sacrifices of the men and women of the United States Air Force and its predecessor organizations, including the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps; the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps; the Division of Military Aeronautics, Secretary of War; the Army Air Service; the U.S. Army Air Corps; and the U.S. Army Air Forces [cite web|url=http://www.airforcememorial.org/memorial/index.asp|publisher=Air Force Memorial Foundation|title=About the Memorial|accessdate=2008-09-17]
coordinates= coord|38.868649|-77.066259|source_wikimapia_region:US_type:landmark_scale:2000
nearest_town= Arlington, Virginia
designer= James Ingo Freed (Pei Cobb Freed & Partners)
inscription=
established=
unveiled= October 14, 2006
source=The United States Air Force Memorial honors the service of the personnel of the United States Air Force and its predecessors. The Memorial is located in Arlington, Virginia, on the grounds of Fort Myer near The Pentagon, at the intersection of Columbia Pike and South Joyce Street. It was the last project of American architect James Ingo Freed (known for the design of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) with the firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners for the United States Air Force Memorial Foundation.

History

In January 1992, the Air Force Memorial Foundation was incorporated to pursue the development of a memorial that would honor the people in the United States Air Force. In December 1993, President William Clinton signed USPL|103|163 authorizing the Air Force Memorial. In 1994, the National Capital Memorial Commission approved a site adjacent to Marshall Drive and State Route 110, down the hill from the Netherlands Carillon, known as Arlington Ridge. Fund raising and detailed designs began.

Because the site was near the United States Marine Corps Memorial, which is just north of the Carillon, various Marine groups were briefed on the plans without voicing objections. However, on July 30, 1997, Congressman Gerald B.H. Solomon (R-NY), a Marine veteran, introduced a bill to prohibit the construction of any monument, memorial or other structure "within view" of the Iwo Jima Memorial. The Air Force Association organized support for the memorial on behalf of its membership and Air Force veterans, and the issue became a polarizing one between the services.

On September 16, 1997, the Friends of Iwo Jima and Solomon filed for a Temporary Restraining Order against the construction of the Air Force Memorial, which was dismissed on June 15, 1998. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit then dismissed the appeal of that decision on May 7, 1999. Faced with the cost of litigation and the opposition of prominent Marine veterans in Congress, the Foundation agreed to move the Memorial to its present site on the grounds of Fort Myer just south of Arlington National Cemetery. [http://www.airforcememorial.org/memorial/chronology.asp Retrieved October 7, 2006]

to make available to the Air Force Memorial Foundation up to three acres of the Naval Annex property for use as the location for the Air Force Memorial. Formal groundbreaking of the site was held in September 2004. Construction of the spires began in February 2006 and was completed in seven months.

The Memorial was dedicated on October 14, 2006, with approximately 30,000 persons attending. The keynote address was delivered by President Bush, a former F-102 Delta Dagger pilot in the National Guard. The first official ceremony at the memorial was held the next day when Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne laid a memorial wreath for fallen airmen beneath the spires. [ cite journal | last = Dudney| first = Robert| year = 2006| month = November| title = The Magnificent Memorial|journal = Air Force Magazine, Journal of the Air Force Association]

"To all who have climbed sunward and chased the shouting wind, America stops to say: your service and your sacrifice will be remembered forever, and honored in this place by the citizens of a free and grateful nation." —President George W. Bush at acceptance ceremony. [ "Air Force Magazine"]

Design

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|thumb|left|_Thunderbirds performing their signature "bomb burst" maneuverThe Memorial itself is 280 feet high and appears to be soaring; its array of stainless steel arcs against the sky evokes the image of "contrails of the Air Force Thunderbirds as they peel back in a precision 'bomb burst' maneuver." Only three of the four contrails are depicted, as the absent fourth evokes the missing man formation traditionally used at Air Force funeral fly-overs. [ [http://www.pcfandp.com/a/p/0205/s.html United States Air Force Memorial] description by the architectural firm that designed it, Pei Cobb Freed & Partners]

The spire structure consists of stainless steel plates with high-strength concrete filling the lower 2/3rds of each spire. The upper third is hollow stainless steel. [http://www.acppubs.com/article/CA6340218.html?text=the+air+force+memorial Retrieved Oct. 14, 2006] At the transition between concrete and hollow steel portions, dampers are provided to dissipate wind sway energy and eliminate the risk of aerodynamic instability. Each damper consists of a lead ball weighing about a ton each, allowed to roll inside a steel box. The structural design of the memorial was completed by engineering consultancy Arup.

At the entrance from the west stands four eight-foot tall bronze statutes of the Memorial’s Honor Guard, sculpted by Zenos Frudakis. This is linked by a bluestone path to the Glass Contemplation Wall, a glazed independent panel with the images of four F-16's flying in a Missing man formation engraved on both sides of the 5-ply panel, situated on the north side of the Memorial so that the north inscription wall is visible through it, and is the only part of the memorial that depicts aircraft. [http://www.airforcememorial.org/design/index.asp Retrieved Oct. 7, 2006]

The base of the Memorial is framed by two inscription walls located at each end of the central lawn. The walls are 56 feet in length, 10 feet in height and one foot thick. Both walls are made of polished, highly-reflective monolithic Jet Mist granite and both include a two and a half inch outer inscription panel made from Absolute Black granite. The north wall bears the names of Air Force recipients of the Medal of Honor, and the south wall bears inspirational quotations regarding core values, particularly the Air Force's three core values: "integrity first, service before self, and excellence in all we do". [http://www.airforcememorial.org/memorial/facts.asp#other Retrieved Oct. 7, 2006]

Although the current design is somewhat overshadowed by the Navy Annex at Fort Myer, that facility is slated for demolition by 2010 with the site to be used for the southward expansion of Arlington National Cemetery.

References

External links

* [http://www.airforcememorial.org/ Air Force Memorial Foundation]
* [http://www.pcfandp.com/a/p/0205/s.html United States Air Force Memorial] at Pei Cobb Freed & Partners Architects LLP
* [http://zenosfrudakis.com/sculptures/public/honorguard/index.html National Air Force Memorial Honor Guard sculpture] information from sculptor Zenos Frudakis' website
* [http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/nation/15761214.htm President Bush dedicates Air Force Memorial Saturday, 14 October 2006] , quoting John Gillespie Magee, Jr.'s poem "High Flight".
* Photos
** [http://flickr.com/photos/10398508@N00/sets/72157594284578581/ Photo Album of Zenos Frudakis on Flikr Photo Service] - " National Air Force Memorial Honor Guard sculpture, Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C. by Zenos Frudakis"
** [http://pix.alaporte.net/pub/USA/Washington+DC/Memorials+and+Monuments/Airforce+Memorial/ Air Force Memorial photos by Amaury Laporte, free to use for non commercial purposes]