Puerto Hambre

Puerto Hambre, also known as Puerto del Hambre and at one time as Port Famine, is a historic settlement site at "Buena Bay" on the west side of the Strait of Magellan approximately 58 km (36 miles) south of Punta Arenas in the Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, Patagonia, Chile.

History

The Spanish settlement was founded in March 1584 by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa as the city of "Rey Don Felipe" with around 300 settlers, but conditions were harsh and local vegetation was sparse. This attempt to colonise the shores of the Strait ended tragically when the settlers starved or froze to death, and when the English navigator, Sir Thomas Cavendish landed at the site in 1587 he found only ruins of the settlement. He renamed the place Port Famine, and under this name it later became a base used by the British Royal Navy. The name was subsequently translated into Spanish as "Puerto Hambre" or "Puerto del Hambre", and these names are still in use.

The Royal Navy hydrographic survey ship HMS "Beagle" under Captain Pringle Stokes was surveying Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego when he fell into a deep depression, and at "Port Famine" in August 1828 he locked himself in his cabin and shot himself. He was buried in the "cementerio inglés" and his grave is still marked on nautical charts. Temporary command of HMS "Beagle" was given to the Executive Officer of the Beagle, Lieutenant W.G. Skyring, then taken over by Flag Lieutenant Robert FitzRoy. FitzRoy became captain of the "Beagle" for its second survey expedition, and as a companion on the voyage he took the young naturalist Charles Darwin. They visited "Port Famine" a number of times between 1832 and 1834 during the second voyage of HMS "Beagle".

On 2 May 1843 the first twenty German immigrants reached the port of "Puerto Hambre". In February 1968 the ruins of Puerto del Hambre were made a National Monument.

In 1843 Juan Williams Rebolledo built Fuerte Bulnes approximately 2 km (1 mile) further south at the Peninsula called " Punta Santa Ana" (Santa Ana Point) as a fort to take possession of the Strait and the Patagonian lands for Chile. A reconstruction of the original fort has been built complete with the church, chaplain's quarters, jail, powder magazine, post office and stables.

External links

* [http://www.chileaustral.com/parenas/fuerte.htm Fuerte Bulnes Y Puerto del Hambre, Alrededores de Punta Arenas - Chile]
* [http://www.ripioturismo.com.ar/echipuntaarenas.htm PUNTA ARENAS IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA, CHILE TOURS]
* [http://www.imray.com/corrections/898.html Chile] Arica Desert to Tierra del Fuego, RCC Pilotage Foundation.
* [http://www.biologie.de/biowiki/Puerto_Hambre Puerto Hambre] Biologie.de German language wiki page, source of illustrations.
* [http://www.latercera.cl/medio/articulo/0,0,38035857_172985979_182483425,00.html An article in "La Tercera" about Gamboa and his colonies]