Ivanhoe, New South Wales

Infobox Australian Place | type = town
name = Ivanhoe
state = nsw


caption = Location of Ivanhoe in New South Wales (red)
lga = Central Darling Shire
postcode = 2878
est =
pop = 278 (2001 Census)
elevation= 85.0
stategov = Murray-Darling
fedgov = Parkes
dist1 = 800
location1= Sydney
dist2 = 209
location2= Hay
dist3 = 317
location3= Broken Hill

Ivanhoe is small township on the Cobb Highway between the Lachlan and Darling rivers in New South Wales, Australia. It is located within the Central Darling Shire local government area. Ivanhoe functions as a service centre for the surrounding area. The township is characterised by a particularly wide main street.

The town was founded in the early 1870s, and was named after Sir Walter Scott’s work of historical fiction, Ivanhoe. The township was situated on well-used coach and stock routes connecting Wilcannia on the Darling River with Balranald on the Murrumbidgee and Booligal on the Lachlan.

History

In 1869 George Brown Williamson, the postmaster and a storekeeper at Booligal, purchased 40 acres from the “Waiko” pastoral run at the site which was to become the township of Ivanhoe. Williamson selected the location as a business opportunity, being the junction of two roads from Booligal and Balranald leading to Wilcannia on the Darling River. Williamson began operating a branch store at the location under the charge of his employee Charles Hiller. George Williamson was a native of Morayshire in Scotland, and is believed to have chosen the name ‘Ivanhoe’. Initially the nearest water supply to Ivanhoe was at Kilfera Lake, 25 kilometres away, from which drinking water had to be carted by dray. [Glover, H. M. (Noni), "A Town called Ivanhoe: a History", 1989 (Riverine Grazier); Williamson may have initially just occupied the land at Ivanhoe and purchased it later – there is a record of George Williamson purchasing 40 acres at Ivanhoe at the Hay Land Office in November 1873 ("Riverine Grazier", 19 November 1873, p. 2).]

A hotel was built at Ivanhoe in 1871 (the Ivanhoe Hotel); the licensee was James Eade, who remained publican until 1875 (apart from during 1873 when Joshua Smith held the license). A post office opened at Ivanhoe on 1 January 1874 at Williamson’s store (renamed ‘The Post Office Store’), with Charles Hiller in charge (though Williamson was the designated Postmaster). On 1 February 1876, after a ten-year stint at Booligal, George Williamson moved to Ivanhoe. In 1876 two new hotels opened at Ivanhoe: the Horse and Jockey (licensee, Duncan McGregor) and Mac’s Ivanhoe Hotel (licensee, Henry Gayson). The licensee of the Ivanhoe Hotel in 1876 was Roberick MacKenzie. In 1879 a police presence was maintained at Ivanhoe to protect local residents from the Hatfield Bushrangers. [Glover, "op. cit".; Lists of Publican licenses, "New South Wales Government Gazettes"; "Riverine Grazier", 29 December 1875, p. 2.]

The Ivanhoe Hotel ceased operating from 1882, leaving two hotels in the township. During 1882 work commenced on the erection of a telegraph line from Booligal to Wilcannia. A telegraph station was opened at Ivanhoe on 5 February 1883 under the charge of Alfred Webber Rice, who had been promoted from his position at Campbelltown. The township was described in 1883 as having about 50 residents, a blacksmith's shop, two hotels, two stores (Williamson's and Stewart's), and “a few cottages”. By 1884 Ivanhoe was a major change-station for Cobb & Co.’s horses on the coach routes to and from the Darling River. In 1884 businesses in the township included the Cobb & Co. Chaff House and Millie's Stable and Yards (Henry Thomas Millie was the licensee of Mac’s Ivanhoe Hotel at that time). The mounted police were established at Ivanhoe in 1885. The Ivanhoe Jockey Club held its first race meeting in May 1885. From 1887 race meetings were held twice a year (until the late 1930s) on a course which formed part of the town common. In 1889 a school opened in the township. [Glover, "op. cit".] Ivanhoe was officially proclaimed a township in 1890. A new Post Office building was constructed, which opened in January 1898. The Ivanhoe Post Office building, though it has been renovated in recent years, still stands adjacent to its original site. [Glover, "op. cit".]

The founder of Ivanhoe, George Williamson, died in 1907. [NSW Births, Deaths & Marriages.]

In 1925 Ivanhoe was linked by railway to Sydney via Parkes. Two years later the extension to Broken Hill was completed. The line through Ivanhoe later became part of the trans-continental Indian Pacific railway connecting Sydney to Perth. [Glover, "op. cit".]

Ivanhoe Heritage Trail

The Ivanhoe Heritage Trail provides a good introduction to the town and its history. At separate sign-posted locations along the trail there are detailed descriptions of (1) the arrival of the railway (2) the Government Tank (3) the Post Office (4) bushrangers (5) watering holes (6) industrial trouble (7) the Cobb Highway and (8) reminiscences. With the exception of the railway station all sites are located within a block of the main street. A pamphlet with details of the heritage trail is available from the post office and other retail outlets; a book with more detailed information is also available for purchase. [ [http://www.smh.com.au/news/new-south-wales/ivanhoe/2005/02/17/1108500196836.html ‘Ivanhoe’] , Travel, "Sydney Morning Herald", FairfaxDigital.]

Climate

Climate records have been kept for Ivanhoe since 1884. Temperature extremes are quite marked over the full year: the average maximum temperature in January is 34.6 degrees Celsius and the average minimum temperature in July is 3.5 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature recorded at Ivanhoe was 48.5 °C (119 °F) in February; the lowest recorded was −6.2 °C (21 °F) in July. The average annual rainfall is 302.7 mm (11.9 in). [ [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_049019.shtml Ivanhoe Post Office climate averages] , Bureau of Meteorology.]

Ivanhoe Warakirri Centre

Ivanhoe Warakirri Centre is a minimum security correctional centre for male inmates, located at Ivanhoe. The Centre has accommodation for 55 prisoners, the majority of whom are Aboriginal. Inmates perform cleaning and maintenance tasks, as well as participating in community projects and the Mobile Outreach program. Inmates also undertake education programs, including numeracy and literacy, and self-awareness and alcohol- and substance-abuse management programs. [ [http://www.dcs.nsw.gov.au/offender_management/offender_management_in_custody/correctional_centres/ivanhoe.asp ‘Ivanhoe Warakirri Centre’] NSW Department of Corrective Services web-site (accessed 29 January 2007).]

Transport

The town's railway station opened in 1925 [cite web | title = Ivanhoe railway station| url = http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Ivanhoe&line=NSW:broken_hill:0 | publisher= www.nswrail.net | accessdate = 2008-04-07 ] and is located on the Broken Hill Railway Line. It is served by CountryLink and Great Southern Railway services. The Indian Pacific runs to Sydney on Sundays and Thursdays, and to Adelaide and Perth on Tuesdays and Fridays. CountryLink's "Broken Hill Outback Xplorer" stops at the station on Mondays (heading to Broken Hill) and Tuesdays (heading to Sydney).

External links

* [http://www.smh.com.au/news/new-south-wales/ivanhoe/2005/02/17/1108500196836.html ‘Ivanhoe’] , Travel, "Sydney Morning Herald", FairfaxDigital.
* [http://www.murrayoutback.org.au/ivanhoe.php Ivanhoe Information] Information and Guide to Ivanhoe

References