Headstock

Typical headstock of an electric guitar

This article is about part of a stringed instrument. A headstock is also the motorized chuck on a lathe.

Headstock or peghead is a part of guitar or similar stringed instrument. The main function of a headstock is holding the instrument's strings. Strings go from the bridge past the nut and are usually fixed on machine heads on headstock. Machine heads are used to tune the guitar by adjusting the tension of strings and, consequentially, the pitch of sound they produce.

Construction details

Bass guitar headstock

Two traditional layouts of tuners are called "3+3" (3 top tuners and 3 bottom ones) and "6 in line" tuners, though many other combinations are known, especially for bass guitars and non-6-string guitars. When there are no machine heads (i.e. tuners are not needed or located in some other place, for example, on guitar body), the guitar headstock may be missing completely, as in Steinberger guitar or some Chapman stick models.

Schematic section shows both straight and angled headstocks. Note the β angle between the fingerboard surface and headstock surface

The headstock may be carved separately and glued to neck using some sort of joint (such as scarf joint). There are two major trends in headstock construction, based on how the string will go after passing the nut. The advantages and disadvantages of both trends are very debatable and subjective, so these two variants are used:

• Straight headstocks form a single plane with a flat surface of neck (and fingerboard). This makes neck and headstock easier to manufacture, they can be constructed from a single piece of wood. Fender usually uses non-angled, straight headstocks. Because of the low angle of the string over the nut, string retainers (sometimes referred to as string trees for their tree shape) must be used to avoid the string coming out of the nut while playing.

• Angled headstocks form some kind of acute angle with a surface of neck. The value of "magic angle" (called headstock pitch) that gives the best tone and stability is also very debatable, but it is usually in a range from 3° to 25°. For example, various manufacturers and particular guitar models use:
  • Guitars
    • 4°: Guild
    • 11°: Martin^[1]
    • 12°: Bigsby^[2], Yamaha SGV^[3]
    • 13°: Peavey^[4], Warmoth^[5][6]
    • 14°: Gibson Firebird V^[7] and VII^[8], Gibson X-plorer^[9], some vintage Gibson guitars^[10], Washburn^[11], most budget Epiphone replicas of Gibson models^[12]
    • 17°: Gibson ES-335^[13], Gibson Les Paul^[14], Gibson SG^[15], Epiphone Casino^[16]
  • Basses
    • 10°: all Gibson basses^[17]
    • 12°: Yamaha SBV^[18]
    • 14°: most Epiphone replicas of Gibson models
    • 24°: Kinal^[19]

Luthiers of both styles frequently cite better sound, longer sustain and strings staying in tune longer as advantages of each style. Fragile construction is cited as a disadvantage of each style too: single piece necks are more likely to break on occasional hit and are harder to repair, while glued-in necks can break with time.

Apart from its main function, the headstock is an important decorative detail of a guitar. It is the place where overwhelming majority of guitar manufacturers draw their logo. Some guitars without machine heads (for example, ones equipped with Floyd Rose SpeedLoader) have a headstock for purely decorative reasons.

Signature headstock outlines

Headstock from an ARTCORE series guitar by Ibanez

Ibanez JEM 555 BK headstock

Classical headstock

All major guitar brands have signature headstocks that make their guitars or guitar series easily recognizable. An unwritten ethic law of the guitar industry allows copying of overall guitar body designs, but no major brand copies headstock designs.^{[citation needed]} As seen in a section below, even "copied" at the first glance designs retain clear visible changes in dimensions, proportions of elements, etc., so it is almost always possible to tell a major brand of a guitar by looking at headstock.

Fender-like curved 6-in-line headstocks

• 

  Fender Telecaster

• 

  Fender Stratocaster, regular version, used on modern Mexican and American-built guitars (other than the Highway One (Upgrade) series)

• 

  Fender Stratocaster, "CBS" version, seen from 1965 to 1981. Currently used on Highway One Strats, Squier guitars, and '72 Telecaster Deluxe reissues

• 

  Gibson Firebird series (also used in reverse)

• 

  Washburn N-series (reverse)

• 

  Floyd Rose Guitars decorative headstock, no machine heads at all

Gibson-like 3+3 headstocks

• 

  Gibson Les Paul, SG, 1960 issue

• 

  ESP EC-series

• 

  PRS asymmetric, used on most guitars

• 

  PRS symmetric, used on Santana 3 model

• 

  Gibson Flying V, 1958 issue

• 

  Rickenbacker

• 

  Dean standard Headstock

• 

  Greg Bennett headstock

Pointed headstocks, 6-in-line

• 

  ESP "pointed" headstock, used on Horizon NT-II and M-II guitars, as well as many signature models (also used in reverse)

• 

  Ibanez "pointed" Ibanez signature headstock, used on most rock-series solid-body electric guitars (also used in reverse)

• 

  Jackson "pointed" headstock, used on almost all solid-body electric guitar series (also used in reverse)

• 

  Washburn "pointed" headstock, used on almost all rocker-series electric guitars (also used in reverse)

Matching headstock

On some electric guitars and basses (notably those made by Fender), the finish used on the body is also applied to the face of the headstock. Generally, matched-headstock models carry a price premium over their plain counterparts due to the extra processes involved in the finishing process.

Although Fender no longer offers matched headstocks on production models made in the United States or Mexico, certain models from Fender Japan are available with matched headstocks.

The definition of a "matched headstock" varies between manufacturers and players - for example, the headstocks of Gibson guitars are nearly always black, and it is debatable whether a black-bodied Gibson has a matching headstock. Generally, a guitar is only considered to have a matching headstock if the guitar is usually produced without matching body and headstock finishes.

References

1. ^ 12:12 AM. "UG Community @". Ultimate-guitar.com. http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/forum/showthread.php?p=6052023. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
2. ^ "Bigsby Guitars & Vibratos - Official Website". Bigsbyguitars.com. http://www.bigsbyguitars.com/guitars/BY50/index.html. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
3. ^ "Yamaha SGV Series Takes Guitar To The Extreme". Giles.com. 2000-04-14. http://www.giles.com/yamaha1/pressreleases/Guitars/sgv.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
4. ^ "Peavey.com". Peavey.com. http://www.peavey.com/products/browse.cfm/action/detail/cat/59/item/111047/number/00463470/V-Type%3F+NTB+TR.cfm. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
5. ^ "Warmoth replacement guitar necks: Warmoth "Pro" 13°". http://www.warmoth.com/guitar/necks/necks.cfm?fuseaction=angled_strat_warmothpro. 
6. ^ "Warmoth replacement bass necks: 13° Angled Pegheads". http://www.warmoth.com/bass/necks/necks.cfm?fuseaction=include_13angled. 
7. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/Firebird/Firebird%20V/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
8. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/Firebird/Firebird%20VII/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
9. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/X%2DPlorer/X%2Dplorer%20New%20Century/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
10. ^ "Vintage Guitars Info - Gibson solidbody vintage guitar collecting". Provide.net. http://www.provide.net/~cfh/gibson5.html. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
11. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
12. ^ "Epiphone Musical Instruments - News". Epiphone.com. 2006-05-31. http://www.epiphone.com/news.asp?NewsID=556. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
13. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/products/gibson/classic/ES-335.html. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
14. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/LesPaul/Standards/Standard/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
15. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/SG%20Specials/SG%20Standard/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
16. ^ "Epiphone Musical Instruments". Gibson.com. http://www.gibson.com/products/epiphone/stuff/casinos.html. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
17. ^ "Gibson Guitar: Electric, Acoustic and Bass Guitars, Baldwin Pianos". Gibson.com. 2008-06-24. http://www.gibson.com/Products/GibsonElectric/Gibson%20Electric%20Guitars/Gibson%20Basses/. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
18. ^ "Yamaha SBV500 bass is a true alternative". Musiciansnews.com. http://www.musiciansnews.com/bass/25/yamaha_sbv500_bass_is_a_true_alternative.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 
19. ^ [2]^{[dead link]}